Discussion - 2 hours. Exposes students to basic principles of accounting, from the perspective of the practicing attorney. Accounting has been called the language of business, and many of the principles addressed in this course are fundamental to concepts presented in such other classes as Federal Taxation, Securities Regulation and Business Associations. After examining fundamental accounting concepts, students will learn to read and analyze financial statements, evaluate fraud in financial transactions, and understand the audit function. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) will be discussed, as will the reporting of inventory, liabilities, contingencies, receivables, fixed assets, intangibles and depreciation under GAAP. Students who ultimately practice litigation will have a better understanding of documents solicited in discovery, and those destined for transactional practice will better understand contract terms and financial motivations. Students who have taken a college accounting class must seek instructor approval. Only basic math skills are required.

Prerequisite: Completion of or concurrent enrollment in 219 Evidence and 227A Criminal Procedure.  Recommended course: 263A Trial Practice I.  This program offers students the opportunity to gain practical experience working full or part time in a District Attorney's or Public Defender's office in one of several surrounding counties or in a federal Public Defender or U.S. Attorney's office.  Students participate in the many activities associated with the office for which they extern: observation, interviewing, research, counseling, motion practice, and trials under State Bar rules.  Regular journal entries and meetings with the clinical supervisor are required.  A grade of satisfactory or unsatisfactory is based upon the completion of clinical requirements.  Enrollment is limited to 15 students.  You are advised to register early.  Students wishing to practice must qualify for certification by the relevant state or federal jurisdiction.

Discussion -3 hours. Core course for Environmental Law Certificate Program.  Course examines how the U.S. Constitution and the federal Administrative Procedure Act constrain and regulate decision making by government agencies and officials. Topics include administrative due process, separation of powers, delegation of authority to agencies, procedural requirements for agency adjudication and rulemaking, and the extent and limits of judicial review. This course is highly recommended for anyone intending to practice in any public law area or at the intersection of public/private law.

Seminar - 2 hours. Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement. Prerequisite: Prior or concurrent enrollment in 218 or 218A Constitutional Law II. Seminar explores in-depth selected topics or problems in constitutional law and theory. The current focus will include diverse topics including abortion rights, the development of Second Amendment jurisprudence, and other subject areas. Students will be expected to write a 20-25 page paper under the supervision of the professor. Class limit: 12-14 students.

Discussion  - 3 hours. This course examines a range of issues, including bail, charging decisions, preliminary hearings, discovery, statute of limitations, venue, joinder and severance, pleas, plea bargaining, assistance of counsel, trial, double jeopardy, sentencing, appeal and collateral remedies.

Discussion - 3 hours. Satisfies Professional Skills Requirement. Prerequisite Law 219 Evidence: Public interest lawyers often spend much of their time in the courtroom. Yet, prosecution, defender, and legal aid offices usually do not have the resources to train their lawyers in trial work. This course seeks to help remedy this deficiency by helping students who plan to do public interest work develop witness interrogation skills. Students will apply their theoretical grasp of evidence to concrete trial problems involving the direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, the introduction of documentary evidence, and the use of illustrative evidence in California and federal courts. The goal is to train students in the art of examining friendly and hostile witnesses and in the use of documentary and illustrative evidence.

The course will be limited to 6 students who will be selected by the professor. Students interested in the course must complete an application form . Credit is contingent on attending all classes and participating in all exercises. Participation is crucial to the success of the course, as students will be working in teams of three. Do not take this course unless you are willing and able to participate fully and can accept criticism.Graded Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory.

Seminar - 2 hours. The course will introduce students to advanced legal research tools and techniques used in practice, including efficient computer research techniques. Includes coverage of legal research methodology, strategies and materials touched upon in the first year Legal Research and Writing course.  Class sessions will be problem based and requirements include the completion of several graded exercises. Class limit: 35 students.

Discussion – 3 hours.  Before a lawyer can conduct a successful negotiation on behalf of a client, facts must be collected, underlying interests and goals must be understood, and a formal lawyer-client relationship must be established.  The first part of this course will help you to understand the dynamics of this important interviewing and counseling process, and the laws and policies that affect it.  Legal theory, psychological research and practical skills will be emphasized.  The second part of this course is designed to be relevant to a broad spectrum of negotiation problems that are faced by legal professionals.  Successful completion will enable you to recognize, understand, and analyze essential concepts in negotiations and hone your negotiation skills at a more advanced level than the introductory negotiations course provides.  This course will also help you to understand the psychological aspects of negotiations as they are practiced in a variety of settings and to situate negotiations in the context of client representation more broadly.

THIS IS AN APPLICATION COURSE. You must apply for this course and secure professor approval to enroll. This course will involve participating in discussions and a series of simulations.  Your classmates will be counting on you to actively participate and be well prepared for every simulation.   Do not apply to take this course unless you are willing and able to participate fully and can accept constructive feedback.  If you anticipate missing more than 2 class sessions, do not apply to take this course.  

Seminar - 2 hours. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with Professor's approval. Prerequisite: 292 Immigration Law and Procedure.  This course conducts a closer examination of various topics and subject matters that relate to immigration and citizenship law. Topics will vary each semester but may include: the different ways of acquiring and losing citizenship, the differences in rights and privileges of citizens and non-citizens, proposed constitutional amendments to birthright citizenship, and the meaning of formal and substantive citizenship in places regarded “outside” of the borders of the U.S.  Other topics that may be explored include: the enforcement of immigration law by states and local governments, the DREAM Act, federal programs and policies such as 287(g) and Secure Communities Act, the intersection of criminal law and immigration law, and the enforcement of immigration law at the border.

The completion of a writing project under the active and regular supervision of a faculty member in satisfaction of the legal writing requirement. The writing project must be an individually authored work of rigorous intellectual effort of at least 20 typewritten, double spaced pages, excluding footnotes. The project may take any of several forms; for example, a paper, a brief, a memorandum of law, a proposed statute, a statutory scheme or set of administrative regulations (with explanatory comments), or a will or agreement (with explanatory comments). The advanced writing project may also be undertaken in connection with another course or seminar to satisfy the advanced legal writing requirement. The number of units for the writing project is approved by the faculty supervisor and depends on the scope of the writing effort. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis Law 419) unless a request for letter grading is made in advance (Law 419A).

Discussion - 3 hours. Elective course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. Introduction to agricultural law, focusing on legal principles and issues at the forefront of contemporary debates about agriculture in society. Topics will include: environmental impacts of agricultural practices, labor law issues, agricultural biotechnology, conflicts between farming and ranching and expanding urban and suburban land use, food safety and security, farm subsidies and assistance programs, the future of the family farm, the law and sustainable agriculture, legal issues in aquaculture, farm animal welfare, and the roles of local, state, and federal governments in regulating agriculture.

Discussion - 3 hours. This course will introduce students to a wide variety of alternative dispute resolution procedures, with an emphasis on negotiation, mediation and arbitration. Although basic skills and effective strategies for each procedure will be discussed, the course will focus primarily on the laws and policies that affect how the procedures are structured and conducted. Successful completion of the course will prepare students for the widespread availability and growing popularity of ADR in almost every area of modern legal practice.    Class limit: 25 students.

Discussion – 2 hours. Selected Enrollment By Permission of Professor – 3L’s only. A skills course focused on the development of legal analytical and organizational methods essential to successful completion of the Performance Test [PT] component of the California Bar Exam (and other states), and, by extension, to success in the practice of law.  It will include weekly exercises such as managing a case file, synthesizing legal authority, and performing objective and persuasive drafting tasks.  Such tasks might include, for example, proposed legislation, legal correspondence, different styles of office memoranda, trial briefs, pleadings and motions, discovery plans, and closing arguments.  Students will receive individualized feedback on each of their written assignments. PLEASE NOTE: 3L students who would benefit from significant assistance with exam writing and bar study skill development would be encouraged to enroll in this course.Enrollment is by selection of the professor. Graded Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory. Class limit: 30 students. Applications are available on line: Analytical and Persuasive Writing I. 
 

Discussion - 2 units. Selected Enrollment By Permission of Professor – 3L’s only.  This course will help students develop the skills of essay writing and performance test drafting typically employed on the bar examination. Students will receive substantial feedback on their written work, and learn analytical and persuasive writing skills transferable to the bar exam and legal practice. Each student will complete 4-6 essays and 3-4 performance tests during the semester, both as outside homework and in class under timed exam conditions. Grading is satisfactory/unsatisfactory but students may be withdrawn from the course or given an unsatisfactory grade for having more than one unexcused absence or failing to complete an assignment. PLEASE NOTE: 3L students who would benefit from significant assistance with exam writing and bar study skill development are highly encouraged to select this course. Enrollment is by selection of the professor. Graded Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory.  Applications are available online. Link to form on the web: Analytical and Persuasive Writing 

Seminar - 2 hours. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with Professor's approval. Elective course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. An introduction to legal principles affecting animals and their use. Topics will include the legal status of animals as property; liability for injury done by animals; liability for injury done to animals; current and proposed bases for awarding damages to animal owners; veterinary malpractice; legal standing to enforce animal protection statutes and to bring civil actions in behalf of animals; the concept of animal rights; the relevance of philosophical debates about animals to current legal issues; anti-cruelty and animal protection laws; regulation of the use of animals in experimentation, testing, and education; rights of students relating to use of animals in courses and educational exercises; rights of animal users (e.g., scientists, biomedical companies, hunters, breeders, and farmers) and of those objecting to such uses; patenting of animal life and legal issues relating to animal biotechnology; landlord-tenant issues relating to pets; treatment of pets in divorce actions; and animals in wills and trusts. Animal law is developing rapidly. Because the nature of these developments will be shaped largely by ethical and public policy arguments, the course will consider the variety of these arguments and their underlying rationales. There will be a paper on a topic chosen by the student and approved by the instructor.

Discussion - 3 hours. The principal focus of the course is the federal antitrust laws, concentrating on basic substantive areas of the Sherman and Clayton Acts.  Specific topics include: agreements among competitors (including cartels) to restrict competition; price uniformity and other parallel behavior in the absence of agreement; distribution relationships having collusive and exclusionary effects (resale price maintenance, geographical and other restrictions on resale, exclusive dealing, tying contracts); monopolization; and mergers.

Basic appellate practice and procedure. Beginning instruction in oral advocacy skills and an opportunity to practice these skills in front of a moot court. Students compete in four rounds of oral arguments which, combined with the second semester of the program, determine the rankings for selecting participants in the annual Neumiller Competition and other interschool competition teams and for membership on the Moot Court Board. Both courses 410A and 410B must be taken in order to qualify for most interschool competitions.

Prerequisite: Law 410A, Appellate Advocacy I.   May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with professor's approval. This course is a continuation of Course 410A. Focuses on the development of effective appellate brief writing skills and the refinement of oral advocacy skills.Participants research and write two appellate briefs and argue the cases before a moot court. The first appellate brief and arguments are judged for selection of interschool competition teams, participants in the annual Neumiller Competition, and membership on the Moot Court Board. The second appellate brief, requiring independent individual research, is written and edited under the supervision of the professor, and may satisfy the writing requirement.   Class limit: 40 students.

Discussion -- 2 hrs. We look at selected issues in Art Law, including the meaning of art, artists’ rights under copyright, moral rights and the right of publicity, first amendment rights and censorship, government regulation of art, art markets, including galleries, auctions and museums, the international protection of art and cultural property, and native American and indigenous peoples art.

Discussion - 3 hours. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with professor's approval. Although this course focuses on the Asian Pacific American experience, it is not meant for Asian Pacific Americans alone. It may be profitably taken by anyone who is interested in race relations.  Legal, social, and political discourse on race relations has traditionally been framed in Black-White terms. This course disrupts the traditional view by taking Asian Pacific Americans seriously. Since the 19th century, American law has shaped the demographics, experiences, and possibilities of Asian Pacific Americans. This profound impact will be examined through state and federal statutes, judicial opinions, legal commentary, social science, and historical readings on topics such as immigration and naturalization, de jure discrimination, and the World War II internment of Japanese Americans. This course will also explore how Asian Pacific Americans have helped shape American law, through constitutional litigation and recent scholarship. Finally, this course will canvas current issues such as racial violence, media stereotypes, affirmative action, and post 9-11 civil liberties issues in pursuit of the question of whether and how this history of discrimination makes any difference today. Students should be prepared for daily participation in class discussion.  No exam; grades will be based on class participation and a final research paper.

Discussion - 3 hours. Students with a non-law basic finance course are not admitted except with instructor?s permission. In this course, we study basic techniques of analysis that are part of the core curriculum in a good business school.  The purpose is to give you background necessary for understanding and advising your clients and for understanding other business-related law school courses. Students are welcome to take it in either their second or their third year, but it should be especially helpful to students just beginning their second year who have the bulk of the business curriculum still ahead of them.  It is assumed that students will have taken a high-school algebra class, but will perhaps have forgotten what they learned there.  Weekly problem sheets, a midterm and a final.

Discussion -- 3 hours.  Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement.  This course examines the ethical and legal issues that arise from biomedical research and use of medical technologies.  The curriculum may include issues arising from end-of-life care, assisted reproductive technologies, genetic and regenerative medicine research, organ transplantation, and human subject research.  Completion of the course requires a research paper.  Class limit: 18 students.

Seminar -- 2 hours.  Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement. The age of branding marks a fundamental shift in the law and business practice of trademarks. Where trademarks have long protected marks that signal the source of a good or service to consumers, increasingly today customers value logos such as the Nike Swoosh in and of themselves. In the new “experience economy” corporations sell identity and community, authenticity and auras, not products. Starbuck is more than just coffee; it is an experience, a place to connect with others. Furthermore, branding is ubiquitous. Every charity, organization, and university seeks to brand itself, that is, to cultivate and trade off its distinct identity. This seminar explores the challenges brands pose to traditional trademark law. Traditional trademark protects consumers against fraud and confusion. Brand creation, management, and licensing involves distinct concerns, less focused on consumer confusion and more akin to copyright law’s concerns for story-telling and expressive control. This seminar takes a close, interdisciplinary look at branding: from the business schools’ theories of brand management to semiotic analyses of brand meaning to art criticism of brand advertisements. The course is designed to prepare students to understand modern branding strategies and the challenges such strategies may pose to traditional trademark law and policy. Students will do extensive reading of legal cases and scholarly analyses. Each student will write a 25-page research paper on a topic of their own choosing related to brands and trademark law.

Discussion -- 4 hours. This course provides a broad survey of the legal rules and concepts applicable to business associations, both public and closely held. Principal attention is given the corporate form of organization, although partnerships and other associational forms are also treated briefly. Topics surveyed include the planning of business transactions, the process of incorporation, the financing of corporations, the roles of management and shareholders, the federal securities laws, and social responsibility.

Discussion plus Document Drafting Skills - 3 hours. Prerequisites: 215 Business Associations or instructor consent and 220 Federal Income Tax or instructor consent. Caution: The prerequisites for this class are rarely waived, so do not register for the course unless you have satisfied them or received advance approval from the Professor waiving them with respect to you.  This course acquaints students with a range of business transactions frequently encountered by lawyers representing business clients and/or individuals of moderate or large wealth. The course will focus on both business and tax issues, strategies, and techniques relative to formation of business entities and common business and personal transactions such as real estate acquisitions, loan agreements and the like. The professor, in his/her discretion, will determine each semester whether the course will emphasize transactions involving business entities or typical personal transactions of the moderately wealthy. The class is taught using the problem method and includes significant work drafting legal documents and/or class presentations. The professor, in his/her sole discretion, may assign the projects as either group projects or individual projects.  Final grade based solely on completed assignments of written work and class participation/attendance.  This class is for the serious transactional business law and/or tax student. The assignments involve complex and sophisticated issues and involve a significant time commitment. It is not an introductory class to these issues and that is why the pre-requisites are rarely waives. But for those considering a transactional/business or tax career, it is definitely well-worth the commitment. Class limit: 12 students.

Seminar – 2 hours. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with professor's permission. The "nation-state" of California has for many years been a national and global leader in environmental law and policy.  This seminar course will provide a survey of key California environmental law and policy issues.  Policy issues include the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); coastal planning and regulation; renewable energy law and policy; California's leadership role regarding the law of global warming/climate change; property rights and the environment; the ecosystem crisis affecting the California Delta; the public trust doctrine; and  environmental federalism (i.e., the respective California and federal roles in environmental regulation).  A special feature of this course will be a number of guest speakers on the above topics, including practicing environmental attorneys, judges, policymakers and non-legal experts(e.g., scientists and economists.) The course grade for this class will be based primarily on a student paper, in lieu of a final exam.

6 unit registration requirement.   The California Supreme Court Clinic will provide students with an immersive experience in litigating cases before the state’s highest court.  Under the supervision of the Clinic instructor, students will participate in the representation of parties and/or amici curiae in actual cases pending before the California Supreme Court.  Working in teams, Clinic members will research the law, develop arguments, and write draft briefs on behalf of Clinic clients.  Students participating in the Clinic must attend a two-day orientation and seminar on  Thursday, August 22 and  Friday, August 23. This class is graded.  Class Limit: 6 students

Named after the late Justice Frances Carr. Students participate in mock trials presided over by judges and critiqued by experienced litigators. A preliminary round is followed by quarter-finals, semi-finals, and a final round. Competition is open to second and third year students. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Class limit: 40 students.

A study of civil actions including the methods used by federal and state courts to resolve civil disputes. Among the topics covered are the relation between federal and state courts; the power of courts over persons, property and subject matter; the scope of litigation; preparation for trial through pleading, discovery and pretrial; devices for resolving actions and issues before and during trial; functions of judge and jury; and the finality of the trial court's disposition.

Prerequisites: Prior or concurrent enrollment in 219 Evidence. This clinic provides practical experience in providing legal services to indigent clients who have filed civil rights actions in state and federal trial and appellate courts. Students work on clinic cases under the supervision of the clinic director. Students are required to follow the clinic office procedures and to employ skills such as interviewing, counseling, research, writing, negotiating, taking and defending depositions, and possibly oral and trial advocacy. Students are certified to appear in court. Each unit of clinic credit assumes four hours of work per week. In any one semester, a minimum of two units (eight hours) of clinic work is required; this clinic work is required in addition to any credit received in the skills component of this program. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Class limit: 12 students.

Discussion -- 3 hours. Course coverage includes civil remedies for civil rights violations under the primary United States civil rights statute. Specifically, it covers actions for constitutional and statutory violations under 42 USC section 1983, affirmative defenses, and abstention doctrines.

Discussion -- 3 hours. This course addresses the legal and public policy dimensions of climate change, perhaps the most important environmental issue of our time.  Climate change law and policy represent a rapidly developing field, with important changes taking place internationally, at the federal level and within the State of California. While the primary emphasis of the class will be on climate initiatives in the United States and its political subdivisions, international climate change treaties and negotiations will also be discussed.  This course utilizes an integrated, interdisciplinary approach, bringing together air pollution, water supply, coastal planning, land use, ocean and fisheries and energy issues.  A complete examination of climate change law and policy requires some foundational understanding of climate science and resource economics; accordingly, the course will briefly address these latter topics.  Both greenhouse gas mitigation policies and climate change adaptation strategies will be featured in the course.  The class will feature some guest speakers, but will primary utilize a discussion format.

Discussion -- 4 hours. The main theme of this course is the debtor who doesn't have enough money (or unwilling) to pay debts. We examine remedies available to creditors to force payment, along with devices that creditors may use to give themselves priority against limited assets. Against this background, we then examine the role of bankruptcy. We consider bankruptcy both as a means for providing funds for creditors and as a device for maximizing asset value. The course assumes no prior experience in business or business law.

Seminar - 2 hours. In 1925, Congress passed the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) to allow merchants to settle disputes outside of the court system.  In the past three decades, the United States Supreme Court has expanded the FAA dramatically, spurring heated debate.  This class will trace the development of commercial arbitration law, with a special emphasis on hot-button contemporary issues like consumer and employment arbitration, the separability doctrine, preemption of state law, and the arbitrability of statutory claims. 

Seminar/Clinical -- 3 hours. The purpose of this seminar is to train law students to educate the community about basic legal rights and responsibilities. Students attend an initial four-hour orientation, followed by weekly seminars that prepare them to teach in a local high school at least two times per week. Students must prepare a paper or journal, as determined by the instructor. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Class limit: 15 students.

Discussion -- 2 hours. A study of the issues that frequently arise in large complex litigation involving multiple parties and multiple claims. The course treats in-depth the topics introduced in the first-year Civil Procedure course, with an emphasis on cutting edge issues currently the topics of litigation. The focus of the course this year is on class actions under Federal Rule 23 and covers current issues arising from mass tort (including asbestos and tobacco litigation), employment discrimination, and securities fraud class actions.

Discussion -- 3 hours. A study of how law operates across state and national borders. The topics covered include choice of applicable law in transactions involving multiple jurisdictions, recognition of judgments, and the exercise of jurisdiction.  Particular emphasis will be given to conflicts analysis in transnational cases.  The course deals with problems practitioners frequently encounter in a wide variety of fields, from commercial law to family law to law in cyberspace.

Learn the principles, doctrines and controversies regarding the basic structure of and division of powers in American government. Specific topics include judicial review, jurisdiction, standing to sue, federalism, federal and state powers and immunities and the separation of powers among the branches of the federal government.

Discussion -- 4 hours. Students who completed either Law 281(A) [Constitutional Law II—Equal Protection] or Law 218(B) [Constitutional Law II—First Amendment] may not take this course. This course principally covers the First Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause. The First Amendment materials and discussion involves an examination of freedom of speech and assembly: focusing on how the protection provided speech changes depending on the kind of speech that is regulated, the location where speech occurs, and the nature of the regulation that limits expression. The Equal Protection materials and discussion examine suspect class doctrine, including discrimination on the on the basis of race, gender, alienage and other characteristics, affirmative action, and the problem of invidious motive. State action doctrine will also be discussed.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Students who have previously taken Law 218, Constitutional Law II, or who plan to take Constitutional Law II for 4 units in Spring 2011 may not take this course.  Students enrolled in this course will be given priority registration to enroll in Law 218B, Constitutional Law II - First Amendment. This course focuses on the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Class materials and discussion will examine, among other things, suspect class doctrine, including the judicial treatment of classifications based of race, gender, alienage, sexual orientation and other characteristics, so-called "affirmative action," the constitutional treatment of laws and policies that have a disparate impact along racial or gender lines, and the related problem of invidious government motive. "State action" doctrine will also likely be discussed.

Discussion -- 2 hours. This course will provide an introduction to the social justice critique of free markets.  Our efforts will be guided by economic and social theory, as well as financial regulatory policy.  We will establish a foundation for this critique through an introduction to classic economic theories beginning with the theories of human motivation found in Adam Smith and continuing through modern economists including Becker and Friedman. 

 After the foundation of traditional rationales for free markets has been established, the course will proceed through a series of social justice problems for which the answers of the classic theorists have proved unsatisfactory. For the spring semester of 2013, we will focus on two issues. First, we will examine the subprime mortgage crisis and the governmental response to repair the damage done to both the financial sector and the broader economy by the rapid declines in housing values.  We will undertake an in-depth exploration of the current global financial crisis and its origins in the regulatory response to risky innovation in the models for origination, distribution and financing of home mortgages in the United States. Second, we will look more broadly at sources of economic inequality in the contemporary United States, including access to higher education and changing family structures. Throughout the seminar, we will make use of a range of materials taken from sociology, economic argument, political theory, constitutional discourse and the critical legal theories of race, gender and social class.

This course examines the sorts of promises that are enforced and the nature of protection given promissory obligations in both commercial and noncommercial transactions. Inquiry is made into the means by which traditional doctrine adjusts or fails to adjust to changing social demands.

Discussion -- 3 hours. We will thoroughly examine the law of copyright, including its application to literature, music, films, television, art, computer programs, and the Internet. Issues addressed include: what works are eligible for copyright protection, the copyright owner's rights, the term of protection, copyright ownership and transfer, infringement, and defenses to infringement.

Discussion - 3  hours. This course covers the law of conspiracy, corporate criminal liability, mail and wire fraud, the Hobbs Act, RICO, money laundering, obstruction of justice, and other white collar crimes and their associated defenses.

Discussion -- 3 hours. Prerequisite: Law 215, Business Associations or concurrent enrollment recommended.   Focus is on how corporations raise money - stocks and bonds, etc. Focus will be on the matter of how deals are structured and why corporations use one strategy instead of another.  Careful attention will be given to the law(s) governing corporate money-raising, but we'll also try to get a feel for the business sense of particular strategies.  Time will also be spent on how deals get restructured when corporations get into trouble (bankruptcy).   This course differs from Law, 269A,  Basic Finance, in that corporation focuses more on the law and the deal.  See Basic Finance description for more details.

Discussion- 2 hours. Prerequisite: Law 220, Federal Income Taxation. This course is an examination of the federal income tax relationship between corporations and their owners. The class will cover the transfer of funds into a corporation on formation and the re-transfer of money and property from the corporation to its shareholders. The course also considers taxable and non-taxable corporate restructuring in the form of sales, mergers, acquisitions, and divisions of corporations. Subchapter S corporations, a pass-through tax regime for incorporated entities, will be discussed. The course is appropriate for students who intend to pursue careers advising clients in corporate formation, restructuring, and acquisitions, in other words, a general business practice.  Students enrolled in any combination of Corporate Tax, Int'l Business Transactions and Legal History may petition the Registrar to re-schedule one of these exams (or two, if taking all 3 courses) as per Regulation 2.2(A)(1)[student has two exams scheduled on the same day]

Seminar -- 2 hours. Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement.  This course compares U.S. criminal procedure with that of other countries, particularly the differing roles of the prosecutor, defense counsel, and the judge. Class limit: 25 students.

This course studies the bases and limits of criminal liability. It covers the constitutional, statutory and case law rules that define, limit and provide defenses to individual liability for the major criminal offenses.

Discussion - 3 hours. This course examines the federal constitutional limits on government authority to gather evidence and investigate crime. Topics to be covered include Fourth Amendment limits on search, seizure, and arrest; the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination; and the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. While the course emphasizes current law and the evolution of Supreme Court doctrine, it also considers related policy questions on the role of police in a democratic society.

Discussion - 3 hours. This course will examine race relations and racial discrimination in America through the perspectives of proponents of the Critical Race Theory movement ("CRT"), a collection of legal scholars who challenge both conservative and liberal political orthodoxies. CRT is part of an evolving tradition that originated with Critical Legal Studies ("CLS"), a movement of radical academics that sprang up in the 1970s. Topics covered will include anti-discrimination law, affirmative action, identity politics, the intersection of race, gender and class, post-modern conceptions of race, among others. As an additional component, this course will touch on recent theoretical off-shoots of CRT and critiques of CRT, such as LatCrit Theory and Critical Race Feminism ("CRF"). A special emphasis will be placed on CRF, which looks at the intersectionality of race and gender and focuses on the status of women of color under the law. Topics within this theme include essentialism, motherhood, law breaking, employment law, sexual harassment, and global issues.

Seminar – 2 hours. Course offers an overview of the constitutional law governing the death penalty in the United States. After an initial look at the history of capital punishment and the arguments for and against the death penalty, the course will consider the following topics: early challenges to the death penalty; different statutory attempts to enact constitutional death penalty schemes; execution of offenders who commit non-homicide crimes and who are felony murder accomplices, juveniles, mentally retarded, insane or possibly innocent; jury selection in capital cases; the effect of race on capital sentencing; the roles of the defendant, defense counsel, the prosecutor, and the trial judge; the procedural requisites and evidentiary limits for capital sentencing trials; penalty trial instructions and arguments; and international standards regarding capital punishment. Class attendance is mandatory; preparation for, and participation in class is expected. There will be at least two short tests and a final paper. Enrollment will be limited to 20 students.

Discussion -- 2 hours. This course focuses on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) as it applies to employment, higher education, public accommodations, and government services and programs. Emphasis is on the statutory definition of disability, entities subject to the ADA, the “otherwise qualified” requirement, forms of discrimination, reasonable accommodation, and defenses.

Seminar - 2 hours. Although not a prerequisite, 235 Administrative Law would be helpful. This seminar examines the interaction between policy and the law of various educational themes, such as the "right" to an education, schooling and race, legalizing the curriculum, language and education, financial equalization, merit and testing, privatization of education, and educational access. The goal of the seminar, however, is less a tour of topical educational issues than an inquiry into the possibilities and limits of a model of social and economic regulation that can reduce or cement inequalities. The course should be of interest to students interested in educational policy in particular and social regulatory policy in general. Class limit: 12 students.

Discussion -- 2 hours.  Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement. This course covers selected constitutional and statutory aspects of federal and state elections, including campaign finance, initiatives, and other topical issues. Class limit: 25 students.

Discussion -- 3 hours. Examination of federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination, including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Equal Pay Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and section 1981.

Discussion - 3 hours.  This course provides an overview of employment law, labor law and employment discrimination law and aims to serve as a foundation for understanding the law and policy (statutory and common law) that surround the employer-employee relationship.   Rather than focusing on the various statutes that govern workplace relationships, this course is organized topically around the areas that tend to create tensions between employer and employee interests.   The course will focus on the interests of the parties as much or more than their legal rights as they currently exist in the law.  The questions we focus on in this course include the following:How should law mediate conflicts between employer and employee rights?What is the significance of constructing disputes as individual versus collective? What is the effect of increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in the workplace on law and policy? Is law the most effective way of mediating employer and employee interests?  What is the role of organizing, self-help efforts, and other employee initiatives?

Prerequisite: prior or concurrent enrollment in 251 Labor Law or 260 Employment Discrimination or 260AT Employment Law. Provides practical experience in employment relations, including employment discrimination and public sector labor law. Students work under the direct supervision of a government lawyer and have the opportunity to participate in a range of activities associated with their specific office, with emphasis on observation and participation in actual investigation, interviewing, drafting pleadings, and attendance at hearings. Journals and attendance at one or more small group meetings are required. Students also must complete an evaluative final paper of approximately 5 to 7 pages. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Seminar -- 2 hours. Elective course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. The seminar explores the history, law, and public policy of energy regulation in the United States, emphasizing economic and environmental regulation. Competitive restructuring of the natural gas and electric utility industries is emphasized. The basic regulatory schemes for other energy sources -- hydroelectric power, coal, oil, and nuclear power -- are explored depending on class interest. This seminar is recommended to anyone interested in the energy sector, various models of economic regulation, or regulated industries.

Discussion -- 4 hours. Core course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. An introduction to environmental law, focusing primarily on federal law.  Includes coverage of the historical development of environmental law, including the transition from common law to statutory law; the role of courts, the legislature, and the executive branch in the development and implementation of environmental policy; allocation of authority among different levels of government; the role of market forces in environmental decisions; and the major regulatory strategies that have been applied to control environmental harm. Major statutes considered include the National Environmental Policy Act, Endangered Species Act, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act.

Prerequisite: completion of or concurrent enrollment in 285 Environmental Law and instructor consent. Practical experience in environmental law. Students work in an approved government, nonprofit, or private law office engaged in some form of environmental law work for a minimum of eight hours per week. Students must prepare a journal describing and reflecting upon their clinical experiences and meet periodically with the instructor. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

During the first eight weeks of fall semester, students research and submit briefs as appellants, respondents, or third parties on a problem of environmental law that is prepared by the National Environmental Law Moot Court Board. Students attend four to six classes (including guest lectures) on aspects of appellate advocacy, legal writing, and environmental law. Members of the spring environmental moot court team are selected on the basis of their performance in class. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Seminar - 2 hours. Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement. Emerging technologies such as genetic engineering, nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and geoengineering have the potential to transform lives, economic systems, and entire societies.  The health and environmental risks and uncertainties associated with these technologies also pose novel and fascinating challenges for regulators.  Existing laws, domestic and international, in some instances offer a starting point for managing risk and uncertainty, but often constitute an imperfect fit. Emerging technologies present new and unanticipated circumstances, and their rapid development frequently outpaces the ability of legislators and regulators to respond.  This course will examine legal regimes that might apply to various emerging technologies and consider governance mechanisms and reforms that might enable more foresighted and participatory development and management of technology.  Students will do extensive reading of cases, statutes, treaties, and scholarly analyses.  Each student will write a 25-page research paper on a topic of emerging technology regulation.

Discussion - 3 hrs.  Core course for Environmental Law Certificate Program.  Prerequisite: prior enrollment in 285 Environmental Law is recommended, but not required. This class examines underlying theory and practice in securing compliance with our major environmental laws.  After exploring basic principles of enforcement, we look at current issues arising in implementing environmental law in civil prosecutions, criminal prosecutions, and citizen suits.  These include environmental federalism, deterrence-based and cooperation-based theories of enforcement, penalty policies, supplemental environmental projects, mens rea requirements for criminal violations, and standing and other prerequisites for citizen enforcement.  In addition to statutory, regulatory, and case materials, the class includes case studies, role plays, and extensive policy discussion.

Environs is a biannual environmental law and policy journal which supports an open forum for the discussion of current environmental issues. Articles explore environmental issues, particularly those pertaining to the state of California. The editor in chief of Environs receives two unit of credit for each semester of service. Managing editors receive 1 unit of credit. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

The editor in chief of Environs receives one credit for each semester of service. Only one person may receive this credit in any one semester. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Seminar - 2 hours. Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement.  Prerequisite: 221 Trusts, Wills, and Decedents Estates. Selected topics in the estates and trusts area. Coverage varies depending on instructor. Class limit: 10 students.

Discussion -- 3 or 4 hours. This course covers rules regarding the admissibility of testimonial and documentary proof during the trial of civil and criminal cases, including rules governing relevancy, hearsay, the examination and impeachment of witnesses, expert opinion, and constitutional and statutory privileges. 

The 3-hour version of the course is a faster-paced course that will cover only the Federal Rules of Evidence, and students intending to do trial work in California are advised to take the 4-hour version.

The  4-hour version of the course covers both the Federal Rules of Evidence and the California Evidence Code. The final examination for the 4-hour course is objective (true/false/multiple choice). Do not sign up for the 4-hour course if you object to this kind of examination.

Discussion - 3 hours. An introduction to the legal regulation of the family. Coverage will include laws and public policies governing marriage and non-marital relationships; the parentage of children born through assisted reproductive technologies; the economic consequences of marital and non-marital dissolutions; child custody and visitation; and interstate jurisdictional issues.

Prerequisite: Prior or concurrent enrollment in Law 219 Evidence to qualify for state court certification. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Law 272, Family Law, and Law 263A Trial Practice are preferred but not required. Each student is required to enroll for two semesters, receiving four units each semester for total of eight units. Students represent low-income persons in family law and related matters arising out of situations involving family violence. Students are supervised by the staff attorney at the clinic's office located in Woodland. The clinic begins with an intensive 3-day seminar during one of the first weekends of fall semester, eight hours each day on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, focusing on domestic violence and office procedures. Subsequent two-hour seminars are held throughout the year, with approximately 12 seminars being held fall semester and 3 spring semester. Clinical component: Each student performs 10 hours of clinical work per week during the fall semester and 12 hours per week during the spring semester. Under the supervision of the staff attorney, each student represents clients in seeking restraining orders, child custody and visitation, child support, dissolution, and property division. Students also assist clients in obtaining health care services, housing, and public benefits. Class limit: 12 students.

Prerequisite: completion of 220 Federal Income Taxation. Students in this program have the opportunity to work with the Internal Revenue Service or other governmental tax agency. Journals and attendance at group meetings are required. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Discussion - 4 hours. There are no prerequisites, although this course is a prerequisite for most other tax courses. This course surveys the federal income tax system, with consideration of the nature of income, when and to whom income is taxable, exclusions from the tax base, deductions and credits, and tax consequences of property ownership and disposition. Our objective will be to explore and critically evaluate the concepts and policies underlying the federal income tax, as well as to learn to interpret the statutory provisions by which these concepts and policies are implemented.

Taxes touch every aspect of our lives, from cradle to grave, from the child tax credit to what the ill-informed call the "death" tax. Taxes raise revenue, to be sure. But they also stimulate and stunt economic growth; redistribute and concentrate wealth; reward and punish families; influence and distort economic and social behavior. Indeed, taxes reflect and reinforce societal norms and values. Thus, while you will be exposed to the elegant and chaotic intricacies of the Internal Revenue Code ("the Code") in this class, you will also be exposed to the peculiarities of U.S. society, economics, politics, culture, and government. This course is geared to the future general practitioner as well as the future tax and business law specialist.

This course is not particularly numbers or math intensive and prior knowledge of accounting is not necessary (if you can add your fingers together, you'll be fine).

Discussion -- 3 hours. Prerequisite: 205 Constitutional Law I. A study of the subject-matter jurisdiction of federal courts. The constitutional and statutory grants of authority to federal courts to adjudicate actions arising under federal law or between parties of diverse citizenship are examined in contemporary detail and from the perspectives of history and the Constitution. The course begins with a close examination of the scope and sources of the rules governing the jurisdiction of the federal district courts, and proceeds to develop a general theory of federal jurisdiction that includes federal appellate jurisdiction, writs of habeas corpus, abstention, justiciability, and state sovereign immunity. Fundamentally this course seeks to elaborate the constitutional themes of separation of powers and federalism as guides to critical understanding and evaluation of the Supreme Court?s leading cases on the scope of federal jurisdiction.

Discussion -- 2 hours. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with Professor's approval. This course provides an overview of gender justice issues.  Readings cover women's legal history and feminist legal theory, including liberal, radical, cultural, and anti-essentialist feminism, as well as masculinities theory and studies.  After spending the first six weeks of the course discussing various strands of theory, students will consider the relationship between theory and practice by (1) looking at a number of issues that arise at junctures where women's lives encounter law (e.g., pornography, reproductive freedom, sexual harassment, rape, employment, work-life balance) and (2) considering other specific manifestations of gender and gender stereotypes in law.  Students determine the specific intersections/topics they wish to cover for these latter weeks of the course, and each student is required to assign course readings and lead class discussion (solo or as part of a 2-person team) on one of the selected topics.  Students must also participate regularly in the course blog, feministlegaltheory.blogspot.com. No examination. Class limit: 12 students.

Discussion - 2 hours. Celebrities and fictional characters both have a powerful hold on the human imagination and are important parts of our modern myths. This class will examine the legal protection available for each. We will take an intensive look at the right of publicity, which protects the rights of real people, particularly celebrities, to control the commercial value and exploitation of their names, likenesses and other attributes. We will consider the nature and scope of the right, infringing uses, and the effect of the First Amendment. We will also consider the legal protection available for fictional characters, the ways in which this may conflict with the publicity rights of real people, and the legal issues involved in the protection and use of "digital actors."  

Seminar - 2 hours. Introduction to the legal and regulatory issues presented by contemporary capital markets. Topics to be addressed tentatively include capital regulation of market participants, the role and control of information intermediaries and disclosure requirements, rules governing market manipulation, the legal form and regulatory status of derivative instruments, the rise and status of securitization, systemic risk and regulatory failure, and the relationship of regulatory to common-law approaches to problems presented by capital markets. The course is likely to cover fundamentals of banking regulation, as banks are critical participants in, and in respects both substitutes for and complements to capital markets. Students will have the choice to write an exam or a paper.

Seminar - 2 hours.  This seminar will focus on the law and policy of the emerging “food justice movement,” which combines the goals and principles of the environmental justice movement with some of the policy initiatives involved in the “ethical consumption” and “sustainable agriculture” movements. Some of the readings involved will be substantive, touching on issues such as structural racism, the regulation of food production (including the farm bill), differing methods of food distribution (from the industrial food model to farmers’ markets and CSAs). Issues of immigration regulation, city and regional planning, and state and local government will also be touched upon.

Discussion -- 2 hours.  The rise of large urban centered and global food trade has generated a modern food system that is different than anything the world has ever experienced. This modern food system has a profound impact on consumers, and has given rise to an emerging consumer-driven food culture that includes a distinctive group of consumers known as "foodies".  This course addresses the unique intersection between this new, consumer food-movement and food law and policy. A broad range of current food law and policy issues will be examined, including food safety, food labeling and advertising, obesity, nutrition, trade, biotechnology, organic and environmental regulation, hunger, sustainability, animal welfare, local food programs, and farmers' markets. This course will discuss the appropriate role of law and lawyers in this food culture and the global and domestic governance of the food system.

Discussion - 1 hour. This course will introduce students to the basic principles of international law as well as basic techniques of international legal research.  We will cover the sources of international law; the roles played by states, organizations, and individuals in international law; and the interaction of domestic law (especially U.S. law) and international law.  We will discuss some of the procedural and practical hurdles that accompany arguing cases before international tribunals.  The research component will involve hands-on assignments to track down international legal materials.

Discussion -- 3 hours. The globalization of people, finance, goods, services, and information puts pressure on the nation-state form. In a world of diasporas and multinational corporations, what does citizenship mean? In the absence of a world government, can we grapple with problems that now take on a global form? We will canvass a number of different approaches, including: the technical coordination of the Basel Accord on capital adequacy; the World Trade Organization regime universalizing substantive legal standards related to intellectual property; the Internet governance regime offered by ICANN, a California not-for-profit corporation; private and state-based efforts to support global health financing; and the Kyoto Protocol s cap-and-trade system for responding to a global problem where the sources, costs and benefits are not uniformly distributed. We will also consider issues of extraterritoriality, regulatory competition, and so-called Asian Values. 

Groups of students (not fewer than four and not more than 10) with a common interest in studying a stated legal problem may plan and conduct their own research and seminar program, subject to the following six regulations: (1) the program extends over no more than two semesters; (2) the program plan and the list of group members are submitted to the dean’s office at least four weeks prior to the opening of the semester in which the program is to begin; (3) a three member faculty board is appointed for each group with the authority to approve or disapprove the program and the amount of credit sought; (4) any changes in the program or in the group’s membership is approved by the faculty board (normally, these changes are only approved prior to the semester in which the program begins); (5) the members of the group conduct a weekly seminar session at a time and place to be arranged by them; and (6) each member of the group submits an individual paper or an approved alternative based on the seminar subject to the faculty board. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis unless the entire group asks in advance for letter grades.

Discussion -3 hours.  The course addresses legal issues raised in general areas: access to health care and health care financing. Course materials and discussion will focus on both public and private aspects of these issue areas.  Likely topics include facility duties to provide care, the role of public funding and civil rights law, state and federal regulation of private and public insurance, and implementation of the Affordable Care Act.

Seminar -- 2 hours.  The successful transformation to democracy requires both political will and a legal framework that protects the rights of individuals.  Over the post-Cold War period, a number of former Soviet bloc countries have successfully achieved a transformation to democracy (the Baltic States: Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia) that has allowed them to enter the European Union.  However, others still struggle. While the Ukraine and Georgia are building their democracies, developing independent judicial systems, parliaments, and legal institutions, others, such as Russia, Belarus, and Azerbaijan, are becoming autocratic states.  Human rights violations are rampant in almost all Post-Soviet countries, even the Baltic States--where minority rights are violated. 

This course first provides a historical context for the current political and human rights situation in the Former Soviet Union.  It then analyzes the legal mechanisms and other strategies that some of the Former Soviet Union’s countries governments employ to repress their own citizens.  Finally, the class examines the ways in which citizens use the law to seek relief from remedies for the repression of their rights.

Discussion -- 3 hours. The course surveys the history of U.S. immigration law and policy; federal agency interrelationship (departments of Justice, State and Homeland Security); family and employment visa preferences; categories of nonimmigrant (temporary) visas; grounds for removal; removal procedures; defenses to removal; discretionary relief from removal; questions of administrative and judicial review; refugee and asylum law; national security issues; undocumented migration; and citizenship and naturalization.

Each student is required to enroll for two semesters, receiving four units each semester for total of eight units.  Prerequisite: Prior or concurrent enrollment in Law 292,  Immigration Clinic.  Law 219,  Evidence is preferred, but not required.  

The Immigration Law Clinic (ILC) provides legal representation to indigent non-citizens in removal proceedings before U.S. Immigration Courts, the Board of Immigration Appeals, and federal courts,including the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The ILC provides this necessary service to Northern California's immigrant communities, offering education and legal services to low-income immigrants facing deportation while enabling students to gain practical, real-world experience. ILC students take on all major aspects of litigation, including interviewing clients and witnesses, preparing legal briefs, drafting pleadings and motions, and arguing complex legal issues. ILC students regularly conduct naturalization and other legal workshops in the community, engage in broader advocacy projects related to the detention & deportation of immigrants, and provide know your rights presentations in local ICE detention centers.  Responding to the increased collaboration between criminal and immigration enforcement agencies, the ILC has also been at the forefront of indigent detention and deportation defense.

Seminar -- 2 hours. May satisfy the Advanced Writing Requirement with professor's permission. Law 209A, Patent Law or , Law 274, Intellectual Property recommended but not required. From biomedicine to cleantech, public institutions are playing leading roles in developing cutting-edge technologies.  This course explores the law and policy of publicly-supported innovation and technology transfer.  Topics to be addressed include: federal science and research policy; the Bayh-Dole Act and the rise of university patenting; the impact of financial interests on academic research norms and practices; technology transfer from universities to private firms; and international technology transfer from developed to developing countries.  A central focus throughout this course will be the interplay of public actors, private actors, and exclusive rights in developing new technologies.   Class limit: 15 students.

Participants assist in instructing the legal research and writing programs for first-year students under the direction of the legal research and writing instructors. Approval of the research and writing instructors is required for enrollment. Participants may assist once in the legal research program and once in the legal writing program. One unit is given in the fall for legal research instruction and two units in the spring for legal writing instruction. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Discussion -- 3 hours. This course provides a broad survey of intellectual property law.  Areas covered include trade secrets, patents, copyright, and trademark.  We will examine legal doctrine as well as the theories and policies animating the intellectual property system.  In exploring these topics, we will frequently consider the challenges posed by recent technological advances and Internet-based media distribution.  No technical background is required.

Seminar -- 2 hours.  PREREQUISITE: Any upper-division Business Law Course or Intellectual Property Course. Preference will be given to students that have completed 274, Intellectual Property.  This course will cover the negotiation and drafting of intellectual property agreements common in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical arena. Students will analyze and draft agreements such as non-disclosure agreements, materials transfer agreements, collaboration agreements, and licensing agreements. The course will begin with an overview of the basic components of commercial agreements, their importance in the agreement and drafting considerations. The course will continue with an introduction to intellectual property agreements and the underlying intellectual property the agreement is attempting to protect. Course instruction will include hypotheticals drawn from real world examples, class discussion on successful negotiation and drafting strategy, and drafting assignments to be completed throughout the semester. A final licensing agreement drafting assignment will comprise a third of the student’s grade, with class assignments to be completed during the semester to comprise a third of the student’s grade, and attendance and participation to comprise the final third.

Seminar – 2 hours. Satisfies advanced writing requirement. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are thought by many to be some of the most important assets at work in the economy today. As the developed world continues its shift from an emphasis on manufacturing toward an “information economy,” IPRs are expanding rapidly. Old rights are being strengthened in many ways, the new IPRs are created rapidly to deal with new products and services. The goal of this seminar is to take a step back from this particular moment of historical flux, and look to see how the legal system ahs adapted to earlier periods of rapid change by creating, delimiting, and expanding IPRs. Class limit:  18 students.

Students in this program have the opportunity to work for government, academic, and nonprofit entities. Students perform a variety of functions related to evaluating, obtaining, and licensing intellectual property.  Such activities may include assisting in patent prosecution, prior art searches, freedom to operate analyses, license drafting, and license negotiations. Journals, time sheets, and attendance at two group meetings are required. Students also must complete an evaluative final paper of approximately eight pages. The hours completed in this public interest setting may apply toward the practicum requirement for the Public Interest Law Program. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Discussion – 3 hours. Prerequisite(s): 220 Federal Income Taxation. Completion or current enrollment in a course covering the domestic taxation of corporations is suggested but not required. Corporate Tax may be taken concurrently. Examine the U.S. income tax laws and policies related to the taxation of foreign income of U.S. persons and U.S. income of foreign persons. Course will emphasize fundamental issues of cross-border activities, including jurisdiction to impose tax, taxable nexus, source of income, the foreign tax credit system for avoiding double taxation, the U.S. anti-deferral regime, and income tax treaties.

Discussion -- 2 hours. A consideration of select legal problems arising from international business transactions. Topics include the international sales contract, letters of credit, transfers of technology, regulation of bribery, development of joint ventures, repatriation of profits, and foreign exchange problems.

Discussion - 3 hours. This course will examine the architecture of the international economic system, with a focus on both trade and investment.  We will also study the relationship between the U.S. Constitution and the regulation of international economic affairs and the European Union's approach to economic regulation.  More specifically, we will explore the law of international trade in goods and services as governed by the World Trade Organization and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.  We will also consider related national laws, including safeguards and adjustment mechanisms and antidumping and countervailing duty law.  On the investment side, we will study the international laws that govern foreign investment flows, with particular emphasis on regional (NAFTA) and bilateral investment treaties that promote the free flow of investment and facilitate the arbitration of investment disputes by foreigners against host states.  We will look at various forms of dispute settlement and explore the differences in remedies available to foreign traders and foreign investors.   We will also spend time considering the relationship between trade and investment and other, such as environmental protection, health and safety standards, human rights, intellectual property protection, and other facets of globalization.

Discussion - 3 hours. Elective Course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with professor's permission.  Prior course work in environmental law and/or international law is helpful. This course provides an overview of the structure and basic principles of international environmental law and policy. The course considers the challenge of addressing global environmental problems in a system characterized by multiple sovereign governments, the regulatory limitations of U.S. law, and the basic structure and principles of international environmental law, as well as substantive areas such as climate change, biodiversity and wildlife protection, and the intersection of international trade and the environment. The course grade for this class will be based primarily on a student paper.

Discussion -- 4 hours. Money makes the world go round.  We will try to follow that money, learning how a framework of national and international laws and institutions regulates (or perhaps fails to regulate) its flow. We will study the regulation of the securities and financial markets by the United States and other money centers, as well as international arrangements such as the Basle Accord on Capital Adequacy and the financial services agreement of the World Trade Organization.  We will pay particular attention to the problems of financial crises and sovereign debt in the emerging market nations.  Other topics will include bilateral investment treaties, multinational corporations, project finance, bank lending, asset securitization and derivatives.

Discussion - 2 hours.  This course will introduce students to the international human rights legal system through an examination of its historical origins and precursors and a review of its international legal backdrop, including the character and sources of international law, the UN Charter and the UN system. Enforcement and implementation mechanisms will also be surveyed, including domestic, international and regional tribunals (including the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American system) in the context of civil and political rights as well as economic and social rights. A more detailed examination of specific rights may include such timely topics as the right to self-determination (relating to Kosovo as well as recent events related to the Arab uprisings in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Syria), the prohibition on torture (and related issues of extraordinary rendition), and the prohibition on human trafficking in both the domestic and international context.

Discussion - 3 hours. Do intellectual property rights help or harm the world's poor? In September 2007 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) adopted a "development agenda" that would rewrite that body's mandate, placing the concerns of the poor at the center of international intellectual property law and policy. This class introduces the legal and institutional architecture of international intellectual property, with a special emphasis on the challenges of integrating development concerns therein. We will draw upon interdisciplinary literature in economics, development and cultural studies to explore more deeply the links between cultural production and development. We will take up several critical issues in international intellectual property, including health, agriculture, genetic resources, traditional knowledge, geographical indications, open source collaboration, and access to knowledge. This is a 3 unit, paper course. Some coursework in intellectual property is preferred.

Seminar -- 2 hours. Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement. We will focus on treaty law as reflected in regional trade agreements such as NAFTA and bilateral investment treaties (BITs), as well as on customary international law that protects investors from expropriation, denials of fair and equitable treatment, and discrimination on the basis of nationality.  We will examine the actual mechanisms for investor-State dispute settlement under arbitral facilities such as the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes as well as under ad hoc rules.  We will also address the environmental and social issues surrounding international legal protection of foreign investment and proposals for modifying or even eliminating agreements due to concerns about regulatory “chill”.

Discussion -3 hours. This introductory course covers basic international law concepts and the law-making process.  Topics covered include treaty law and customary international law; the relationships between international law and national law; dispute settlement and international litigation; states, international organizations and other "persons" in international law; jurisdiction; and international regulation of transnational problems.

Discussion -- 3 hours. The course explores current developments in international law, conflict of laws, civil procedure, arbitration, and comparative law in the context of transactions and disputes that cut across national boundaries. Topics covered include jurisdiction to prescribe, jurisdiction to adjudicate, the enforcement of judgments, the relative merits of arbitration and adjudication, international discovery, and international choice-of-law problems.

Seminar -- 2 hours.  Satisfies advanced writing requirement. The WTO and other regional trading agreements, particularly the NAFTA, provide mechanisms for the resolution of trade disputes. Some of those trade disputes are also investment disputes, an appellation that may shift the dispute resolution mechanism away from established supranational bodies and into ad hoc arbitral fora. This seminar introduces students to the economic, political, and legal theories underlying the establishment of such bodies, with particular reference to cases brought under the aegis of the WTO. Students will also have the opportunity to compare those traditional trade disputes to investment disputes authorized by certain investment treaties. Each student's grade will be based on a paper and a class presentation on the subject of the paper, as well as on class participation.

Prerequisite: permission of the faculty advisor. Participation in interschool moot court and lawyering skills competitions. Enrollment is limited to students actually representing the school in the interschool competitions. Competition must be authorized by the appropriate faculty advisor. The faculty advisor may condition the award of academic credit for any particular competition on the performance of such additional work as may be reasonable to justify the credit. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Course is only offered to L.L.M. students

The Journal of International Law & Policy is a biannual journal produced by King Hall students with an interest in international law. The journal's goal is to provide interesting and well-written articles by both students and professionals. The editor-in-chief of the Journal receives two credits for each semester of service. Managing editors receive 1 unit of credit.  Grading is on a Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory basis.

The Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy is a biannual publication that addresses the unique concerns of children in the American legal system. The editor-in-chief of the journal receives two credits for each semester of service. The editor-in-chief of the Journal receives two credits for each semester of service. Managing editors receive 1 unit of credit. Grading is on a Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory basis.

Prerequisite: enrollment in 261 Judicial Process Seminar required for full-time clinical students and recommended for part-time clinical students. Judicial Process Seminar is only offered in the fall and must be taken concurrently with or in advance of enrollment in the Judicial Clinical. Students may arrange for judicial clerkships with an approved list of state and federal judges through the Clinical Office and under the sponsorship of the faculty member in charge. All students must complete weekly time records and bi weekly journals. Both full- and part-time externs must complete an evaluative final paper. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Discussion-- 2 hours. Required for all full-time judicial externs and recommended for part-time judicial externs. Offered only in the fall -- must be taken concurrently with or in advance of the full-time judicial externship. The seminar examines a variety of issues concerning the judicial process. The focus is on the judge's role in the legal process, the administration of justice, ethical issues, decision making, bias, and critical examination of the strengths and weaknesses in our current judicial system.

Seminar -- 2 hours.

Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement.

Who should govern cyberspace?  Does the Supreme Court's decision in MGM v. Grokster matter if Canada or South Korea legalize peer-to-peer services? Should Yahoo be able to claim the First Amendment's protections as it sells things in cyberspace, even against French laws that criminalize the glorification of the Nazi era?  What if Antigua permits online gambling but  the United States bans it?  To learn the privacy law applicable to a website based in Seattle, do we need to look to the law emanating from Brussels? The seminar will review concepts in international law, conflicts of law, cyberlaw, and federal jurisdiction to address the growing multi-jurisdictional conflicts created by the Internet. We will examine European efforts at crafting intra-Europe jurisdictional rules, as well as other international jurisdiction treaty projects such as those at the Hague. Class limit: 12 students.

Seminar--2 hours. A Jurisprudence paper of sufficient length and quality may, at the discretion of the professor, be certified to satisfy the Advanced Legal Writing Requirement. This course deals principally with the question of how judges should decide "hard cases," where the content of the law is in doubt and competent arguments have or could be offered for mutually inconsistent decisions in favor of either party. This question requires examination of the broader question of the relationship between justice and law, and hence of the still broader questions of the nature of "justice" and "law." To what extent should a judge's personal convictions about justice affect decisions about the legal rights of the parties to a lawsuit? Does it matter if the judge is dealing with a case in which the controversy concerns the proper interpretation of precedent rather than legislation? Is it any more appropriate for a judge to resolve doubtful cases by appeal to "the public interest" than by appeal to the judge's personal sense of right and wrong? It should not escape your notice that virtually every case in which the Supreme Court of the United States grants review on a question of constitutional law is a "hard case"of the sort studied in this course. Introductory readings of a general and synthetic nature will be followed by a study of the work of several leading philosophers of law and adjudication, with particular emphasis on the work of Ronald Dworkin. Previous study of philosophy is neither required nor discouraged. Grading will be based on weekly in-class contributions to the intellectual life of the seminar, and on a formal paper of about 20 pages. Class limit: 12 students.

Seminar -- 2 hours. Legal and philosophical bases of a separate juvenile justice process for crimes committed by minors; police investigation, apprehension, and diversion; probation intake and detention; juvenile court hearing and disposition; juvenile corrections.  The role of counsel at each phase of the process is examined.  Guests speakers and a possible field trip.

Seminar – 2 hours.  This seminar complements canonical IP courses by focusing on the increasingly global diffusion and success of collaborative forms of cultural and technoscientific production rooted in copyright-based licenses, like the GNU license of the Free Software Foundation that inspired the Open Source movement, which has in turn informed the Creative Commons initiative and a variety of other “open” models.   Topics include: 1) the role of the public domain and the knowledge commons in progressive IP discourse; 2) the management of credit and the attribution of authorship or inventorship in collaborative settings through professional norms among scientists, comedians, magicians, and chefs; and 3)  “IP-like” frameworks emerging in new fields of science like synthetic biology.

Discussion -- 3 hours. Survey of the legislative, administrative, and judicial regulation of labor relations under federal law. The course focuses on the historical development of labor law, the scope of national legislation, union organization and recognition, the legality of strikes, picketing, and the negotiation of collective bargaining agreements.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Elective Course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. Local agencies, developers, environmental interest groups, and others regularly deal with the administrative and legislative applications of land use planning and development laws. Topics include zoning, general plans, local government land use regulation, and related areas of litigation. In addition, the course analyzes the expanding role of the California Environmental Quality Act.

Discussion -- 4 hours. This course introduces students to the economic analysis of law. Students will learn to use the tools of economic analysis (marginal cost and benefit, supply and demand, opportunity cost, etc.) to illuminate and critique familiar areas of law, including property, contracts, torts, and criminal law. Throughout the course, students will consider how economic analysis complements and conflicts with other concerns of the legal system, including fairness and efficiency.  The course does not require any background in economics.

Seminar -- This course examines works of popular culture, films, and legal texts. Each session will focus on a particular film and its cultural implications, particular problem or problems of law, law practice, legal ethics, traditional ethics, or public policy.

Seminar -- 3 hours. Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement. The primary focus of the course will be federal constitutional law relating to religion -- the interpretation and application of the Free Exercise Clause and the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. State constitutional law may also be considered as well as federal and state statutes relating to religion, e.g. state Religious Freedom Protection Acts and the federal Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA).  Final grade based solely on completed assignments of written work. Class limit: 20 students.

Seminar - 2 hours. Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement with Prior Approval by Professor.  This course provides a broad overview of law as it relates and applies to rural people and places. The character of rural-urban difference and the challenges associated with getting law to attend to those differences will be discussed.  The course will also consider some specific bodies of law that have particular relevance in rural areas, e.g., welfare and poverty, land use, agricultural.  The course will also cover rural-urban difference in the context of the developing world and international human rights.  A multi-disciplinary approach will be encouraged in considering the junctures at which rural livelihoods encounter legal actors and processes, with particular attention to the scholarly literature in rural sociology and rural economics.

Seminar -- 2 hours The study of law and society challenges traditional legal scholarship by exploring the multiple ways in which law both shapes and is shaped by societies and social interactions.  This seminar will introduce students to some of the important literature and debates in the field of “law and society” studies: including the social construction of disputes; social movements and the law; the relation of law to class, race, and gender; and the capacity of law to produce social change.  Special emphasis will be placed on the contribution of law and society studies to the understanding of the criminal justice system, including topics such as access to justice, plea bargains, and policing.  Satisfactory completion of the seminar can be met with engaged class discussion, and either a research paper or several short response papers.  Class limit 15 students.

This seminar is  the companion seminar to the Washington UC-DC Externship and is designed to enhance the externship experience in three principal ways:

1. Teach students about the process of federal lawmaking directly from leading government lawyers, lobbyists, public interest advocates, and journalists.
2. Allow students to explore new career opportunities unique to the lawyering in Washington as they enhance their skill sets for success in any career path.
3. Have students investigate the unique roles of lawyers in making and changing federal law and policy.
   Class sessions generally include guest speakers and class discussion based on students' questions submitted in advance. Part of each session will be devoted to a "grand rounds"-style exchange to facilitate peer-to-peer learning about lawyering at the broad range of externship sites. Each student will write a final paper, typically on a legal topic selected in consultation with the instructor and the externship supervisor for educational value and salience to the office. The final classes of the term will be devoted to presentation of papers in progress. Each student will make detailed written comments on one fellow student's draft paper, and where possible will share those comments as a discussant when that paper is presented in class. A sample syllabus for the seminar is available at http://www.law.ucdavis.edu/academics-clinicals/files/UCDC-Syllabus-fall-Sept-09-11p.pdf .

Seminar -- 2 hours. May meet Advanced Writing Requirement with the instructor's permission. Prerequisite: 215 Business Associations. This seminar addresses advanced issues in the governance of publicly held corporations. In a public corporation, managers who run the business are distinct from shareholders who are said to own it. This separation of ownership and control is a central concern of corporate governance law. We explore how the law has addressed this issue at the theoretical level and in the context of topics such as the duties of corporate directors, shareholder voting rights, and competition among states to attract corporate charters. Grading is based on active class participation and short discussion papers. Class limit: 15 students.

Discussion -- 3 hours. As e-commerce becomes a principal mode of conducting business, the law struggles to adapt. This class explores the exciting legal issues that are emerging as crucial to the conduct of business in cyberspace. We begin by discussing the evolution and current administration of the Internet and the World Wide Web. After a brief foray into early claims that cyberspace should not be regulated at all, we examine how cyberspace is in fact being regulated. We cover a variety of issues relevant to businesses engaged in e-commerce, including jurisdiction, the domain name system, electronic contracting and signatures, intellectual property, privacy, taxation, and antitrust. The course reviews recent state and federal legislation dealing specifically with e-commerce, along with case law and secondary materials. The goal is not primarily to teach a number of rules, but rather to understand how to approach cyberspace issues.

Discussion -- 3 hours. This survey course covers many of the foundational issues in the "law of democracy," as that body of statutory and constitutional law has developed in the United States. Topics to be addressed include the right to vote, apportionment of legislative districts, rights and duties of political parties, ballot access, the Voting Rights Act and related constitutional prohibitions on discriminatory political arrangements, judicial remedies, and alternative democratic structures.

Discussion -- 3 hours. The course surveys the law of armed conflict as it applies to today’s battlefields.  It addresses such questions as, are there really laws in combat?  What constitutes a “battlefield”?  Are the Geneva Conventions still relevant?  When does the law of war apply?  Does it apply to non-state actors?  What is a war crime, and who decides?  Is “military necessity” always necessary?  How is proportionality determined?  Is torture ever lawful?  Is waterboarding torture?  In the law of war, is there a difference between a terrorist, a combatant, and a criminal?  What is an unprivileged belligerent and who is a lawful combatant?  Are drones lawful and how do we know?  Is targeted killing lawful?  Can superior orders constitute a defense to war crime charges?  What constitutes a cyberattack and are they “armed attacks”?  What is the jurisdiction of military commission and what legal problems face Guantanamo trials?  Was Nagasaki a war crime?

It is not a philosophy course, nor is it national security law, nor human rights law.  Those are inextricably related but the focus is on the law applicable in today’s non-international armed conflicts.  It probes the history of the law of war, including the Lieber Code, the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, My Lai, and ICTY cases.  Law of war issues will be drawn from case cuts and movie clips and their legal implications considered.  Military experience is not a prerequisite.

Editors of the UC Davis Law Review may receive four credits over two semesters for service as an editor. Credits are awarded on a deferred basis upon completion of both semesters. Editors must have completed an editorship article and must perform editorial duties requiring a substantial time commitment.. Credit is awarded only after certification by the editor in chief and approval of the faculty advisors. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. (In exceptional cases, students may petition to participate for one semester only and to receive two credits.)

The writing of a law review article under the editorial supervision of editors of the UC Davis Law Review. Office hours (including but not limited to Bluebooking and cite-checking) are also required. In the spring semester, credit is obtained only upon achieving status as a member of the UC Davis Law Review, which requires that the student has made substantial progress towards completing an editorship article. Credit is awarded only after certification by the editor in chief and approval of the faculty advisors. One unit of credit is earned the first semester. Two units are earned the second semester upon nomination and acceptance of nomination to the Editorial Board. One unit is earned second semester if only a membership draft and office hours are completed. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Selected Enrollment By Permission of Professor – 2L’s only. This course will focus on skills critical to law school success, and ultimately, bar exam success. The skills include effective case reading, briefing, outlining, and exam writing. Selected subjects from the first year curriculum, specifically remedies-based issues in Contracts, Torts, and Property, will be used as a substantive context for the class. By using these first year subjects as a basis for the course, students will have the opportunity to revisit core law school principles that are always tested on the multiple choice portion of the bar exam and frequently tested on the essay portion. Students will receive individualized feedback on each of their written assignments. Graded Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory. Class limit: ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­25 students.

Discussion - 3 hours. Satisfies the Professional Responsibility graduation requirement. The course focuses on corporate practice to explore the ethical responsibilities of lawyers. A large proportion of lawyers practice law in organizations that render advice to business clients. Navigating the landscape of the large law firm or corporate counsel’s office requires awareness of the distinctive experiences and minefields of this work. As such, this course examines the ethical and legal challenges that arise in corporate work, including incorporation, securities and regulatory counseling and compliance, transactions, civil litigation, internal investigations and criminal defense. It also introduces students to various governing standards of practice, both disciplinary and aspirational, including those promulgated by the American Bar Foundation, state bars (particularly California), the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Treasury Department. By the end of the course, students will possess an in-depth understanding of the Rules of Professional Conduct and other law that applies to lawyers who represent corporations. Throughout the course, students will be exposed to the standard topics in the professional responsibility curriculum, including confidentiality, conflicts of interests, and duties to third-parties and tribunals. Students will be evaluated based on in-class participation and a final exam.

Discussion -- 2 hours. A survey of Anglo-American legal history from the origins of the common law in medieval England through the twentieth-century. The course will focus on the development of legal institutions, such as courts and juries, as well as on doctrines of substantive law.

Seminar -- 2 hours. Unfortunately, statutes, case law and legal policies often reflect the untested assumptions and intuitions of the legislators, judges and policy-makers who draft them. This course examines how psychological theory and research can be used to shape laws and policies to make them better reflect what we know empirically about how individuals process information, make decisions and behave. Topics include jury decision-making, eye-witness identification, false memories, procedural justice, child witnesses, behavioral decision theory, therapeutic relationships, and the use of trial consultants in litigation. Students will also learn the basics of how to read and evaluate psychological research reports and how to appropriately apply such research to law and policy. Class limit: 20 students

Discussion-- 2 hours. Integrated legal research and writing skills course.  Basic legal research resources and strategies are introduced and practiced.

Discussion -- 2 hours.  Pursuasive writing and oral advocacy.  Students will complete integrated research and writing assignments, including a complaint, a strategic defense office memorandum, a motion to dismiss in federal court, and an appellate brief, with oral arguments by all students.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Prerequisite:  Students must satisfy one of the following: Have an undergraduate degree in Spanish; have a minor in Spanish with experience living in a Spanish-speaking country; grew up in a Spanish-speaking household and have achieved proficiency ; e able to pass an informal assessment by the instructor.  This course is designed for law students who are native Spanish-speakers or who have achieved proficiency in Spanish through study or experiences in a Spanish-speaking country.  The focus of the course is to review the elements of Spanish grammar in a legal context, acquire specialized vocabulary and facilitate complex conversations about legal topics.  The course will also address issues of cultural competency and ethics in the representation of Spanish-speaking clients.The course will provide a brief review of basic Spanish and then move into more complicated grammatical structures, all within a legal context.  The legal context will be the representation of Spanish-speaking clients in the following areas of law: Family Law, Public Benefits (Social Security, Medi-Cal, etc.), Immigration, Employment, Torts, Civil Rights, Criminal Defense. Students will be encouraged to develop the vocabulary they will need for their own areas of interest/specialization (if known).Students will discuss issues of cultural and linguistic competency in serving Spanish-speaking clients.The course will include a unit on legal ethics surrounding translation, interpretation and communication with clients.  It is vital that attorneys know when to call on a professional interpreter or translator.  We will also discuss the ethics rules for attorneys surrounding legal translation and interpretation. 

Seminar - 2 hours.  This course introduces students to cutting edge research by legal academics and professors in affiliated disciplines.  Ever other week, a guest speaker will present a work in progress.  During alternating weeks, students will read and discuss background materials in preparation for the next speaker.  Students will be expected to write short, biweekly response papers, and will be graded based on their response papers and class participation.  The subject matter and disciplinary orientation of the seminar will vary from year to year.  Possible topics include but are not limited to: law and politics (with participation by law professors and political scientists), legal history (with participation by law professors and historians), and intellectual property (with participation by law professors, historians, economists, and others).  Interested students should consult with the instructor regarding the seminar’s subject matter and disciplinary focus in any given year.

Discussion -- 2 hours. The course covers fundamental elements of the legislative process, including legislative procedure, the legislature as an institution, lobbying, statutory interpretation, legislative-executive relations, and the Legislature’s constitutional powers and limitations.

Prerequisite: prior or concurrent enrollment in 240 Elections and Political Campaigns or instructor permission. This program is designed to provide students with practical experience in the operation of the office of a legislator or a legislative committee. The major thrust of the program is to enable students to become familiar with the give and take realities of making laws, as contrasted with their interpretation and enforcement. Journals are required. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Discussion -- 3 hours Local Government Law explores the structure of state and local government  through the lens of the virtues and flaws of the ideas of Madison and DeToqueville, i.e., centralized federal government vs. decentralized local government.  Areas we will cover include, school funding and charter schools, structure of local elections, creation of special purpose districts and limited voting elections, regionalism, secession and annexation issues.  A central question is: how do we create a zone of local autonomy in a system heavily skewed toward centralized control?  Local Government Law is also conceptually similar to international law addressing the question of how do we structure relations among and between competing sovereigns (cities, counties, states and nations). 

Discussion -- (2) hours. This course covers the California community property system, including the rights of marital and domestic partners during the ongoing relationship, and upon the end of the relationship by death or divorce. The curriculum may include all or part of the following: the use of agreements to bypass the community property system, characterization issues, and management and control issues.

Discussion -- 2 hours. The focus of this interactive course is on attorney representation of clients in mediation. Through reading, discussion, role play, and interaction with local practitioners, students will develop the ability to effectively combine advocacy skills and collaborative problem-solving tools, learning to think and act strategically from the beginning of any dispute.

Mediation has become an integral part of the litigation process.  At both the trial and appellate levels, court-sanctioned mediation programs have become the rule rather than the exception.  In some cases, mediation is strongly encouraged.  In others, participation is ordered by the court.  In still other contexts, wise attorneys may be able to utilize the mediation process to resolve disputes in ways that leave their clients with greater satisfaction than they could have achieved through trial.  As a result, becoming an expert in the use of mediation is essential to effective client representation. The course will examine (1) ethical issues in representing clients in mediation, (2) practical issues in preparing both the case and the client for mediation, and (3) strategies involved in representing clients effectively in a mediation session.Students will be graded on preparation, participation, and several short papers.  Class limit:  24 students.

Discussion - 2 hours. This course will consider the many ways in which society seeks to establish and maintain quality in patient care. A substantial, but not exclusive focus will be what is commonly characterized as medical malpractice law, including formulation of the concept of medical error, establishment of the applicable standard of care, and the range of defenses to claims of professional negligence. The doctrine of informed consent will be explored as an element of the standard of care. We will also consider the process by which professional licensing boards seek to establish and maintain standards of professionalism. The evolution of the liability of health care institutions and managed care organization is an important topic to be addressed, as well as the most recent developments in tort reform legislation.

Discussion - 3 hours.  Prerequisite: 215 Business Associations.  This course will take a practical approach to mergers and acquisitions, with an in-depth look at the planning, negotiation, documentation and completion of mergers and acquisitions.  Areas explored will include the mechanics of alternative acquisition methods and transaction structures, the application of state corporate laws (focusing on Delaware and California), applicable federal securities laws, and fiduciary duties in both friendly and hostile transactions.

Seminar - 3 hours.  This seminar will introduce students to the practice of meditation and connect it with readings about the legal profession at three levels: (1) individual stress reduction and self-care for lawyers and law students; (2) interpersonal relations, particularly lawyer-client relations; and the role of the lawyer, including legal ethics; and (3) trends within the profession, including the “restorative justice” and “therapeutic justice” movements. Although issues of professional responsibility will be discussed, the focus will not be on the rules of professional responsibility.

Prerequisite: 410A and 410B Appellate Advocacy. Members of the Moot Court Board assist in the administration of the School of Law’s Moot Court Program by performing a variety of tasks under the supervision of the course instructor. Members receive one credit for each semester of service on the board, up to a maximum of two. Credit is awarded only after approval by the instructor. Students must sign up to take both semesters. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Seminar -- 2 hours. Elective course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. The seminar focuses on legal relations between Native American tribes and the federal and state governments. The course will consider the basic jurisdictional conflicts that dominate this area of law, including specific areas such as land rights, hunting and fishing rights, water rights, environmental protection, gaming regulation, taxation, and criminal law.  The course will also touch upon constitutional issues pertaining to tribes and questions of federal policy.

Seminar - 2 hours. Elective course for Environmental Law Certificate Program.  Law 285 (Environmental Law) or Law 256 (Land Use Planning) recommended but not required.  This seminar is devoted to in-depth coverage of two foundational principles of natural resources law: the public trust doctrine and private property rights protected under the "Takings Clause" of the U.S. and many state Constitutions with a particular focus on how those principles affect the allocation of water resources in California and the American West.  The course will introduce students to the general principles underpinning both the public trust doctrine and the Takings Clause, before concentrating on their application to Western water law and policy.   These related, seminar topics will include integrated study and analysis of legal, policy, scientific and governance issues affecting the natural resources in question.  The class will be open to graduate students in ecology as well as law students.  If suitable arrangements can be made, the class will include one or more field trips to bring students into direct contact with the resources being studied.  Class limit: 15 law students.

Discussion - 2 hours. This skills-based course teaches theoretical and empirical approaches to negotiation for the purposes of making deals and resolving legal disputes. Students participate in simulations to develop negotiating skills. Class limit: 24 students.

Negotiations Board (1) Enrollment by instructor permission.  Members of the King Hall Negotiations Board assist in the administration of the King Hall Negotiation Team by performing a variety of tasks under the supervision of the course instructor. Members receive one credit for each semester of service on the board, up to a maximum of two per academic year. Credit is awarded only after approval by the instructor. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Discussion plus document drafting skills -- 4 hours. Prerequisite: prior or concurrent enrollment in 215 Business Associations or instructor consent.  This course is a combination skills class and a lecture course.  Students learn the special legal rules and concepts applicable to nonprofit organizations (particularly IRC 501(c)(3) nonprofits) and then, in a workshop class structure, they apply those rules and concepts to complete drafting assignments regarding the formation of nonprofit organizations under state law and the application for tax-exempt status for nonprofit organizations under Federal tax laws. The first part of the course (approximately 40%) considers nonprofits from the state law perspective: organization, operation and dissolution of nonprofit corporations, charitable trusts and associations including internal governance rules, fiduciary obligations of officers and directors, rights of members, regulation of charitable solicitation, and enforcement powers of the attorney general. The balance of the semester (approximately 60%) is spent examining in detail the extensive federal tax laws applicable to nonprofits, including requirements for attaining tax-exempt status, the inurement and private benefit concepts, intermediate sanctions, limitations on lobbying and political activities, special rules applicable to foundations versus public charities, the unrelated business income tax, and charitable deductions. At the option of the instructor, the course might also cover nonprofit accounting issues, local property tax and other local tax exemptions, and public/private partnerships. Further, the course will definitely include document drafting assignments. The grade for the class, subject to certain minimum attendance requirements to ensure the combination skills/lecture class format detailed at the 1st class, will be based on document drafting assignments only. So do not sign-up for this class if you anticipate not attending/or late attendance to many sessions. Since this is a skills plus new-law-to-learn-substantive class, there must be some minimum attendance requirements. Also do not sign-up for this class simply to just satisfy the advanced writing requirement (AWR) because the total work involved with the drafting assignments are significantly longer in page-length than that required for the AWR so the drafting assignments are likely to require more time than other classes (like seminars)  that are more designed to satisfy the AWR. However, do sign-up for this class if your have a definite interest in learning about nonprofit organizations AND/OR getting some introductory/fundamental business/transactional drafting experience. It will be well-worth the 4 unit commitment. Class limit: 13 students.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Prerequisite: prior or concurrent enrollment in 215 Business Associations or instructor consent. 271B Nonprofit Organizations: Tax Exemption and Taxation Focus is a related course that uses the same textbook but is NOT a prerequisite to this class. (271A and 271B are taught independently of each other, but a student interested in specializing in nonprofit organizations should consider taking both classes in the order that works for his/her schedule.) This course focuses on the state and local laws applicable to nonprofit organizations, e.g., public interest, cultural, religious, educational, and other not-for-profit entities. Although the course provides a brief overview of the federal tax exemptions of nonprofits, its primary focus is on state and local laws impacting nonprofits with respect to incorporation or charitable trust formation, operation and governance, dissolution, fiduciary obligations of trustees and officers and directors, management and investment obligations vis-a-vis trust assets, cy pres, rights of members of social clubs, trade associations and labor unions, enforcement of obligations and rights by the attorney general and others, and regulation of charitable solicitation. At the option of the instructor the course might also cover local property tax and other tax exemptions, nonprofit accounting issues, public/private partnerships and federal antitrust and constitutional constraints. In addition, at the option of the instructor, the course may include document drafting assignments in addition to  or in lieu of an exam. Class limit: 20 students.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Prerequisites: 215 Business Associations or instructor consent. Recommended: 220 Federal Income Taxation. 271A Nonprofit Organizations: State and Local Governance Issues is a related course that uses the same textbook but is NOT a prerequisite to this class. (271A and 271B are taught independently of each other, but a student interested in specializing in nonprofit organizations should consider taking both classes in the order that works for his/her schedule.) This course focuses on the conceptual basis and substantive law criteria for the federal and state income tax exemption of nonprofit organizations and those particular circumstances and activities which result in income taxation or financial sanction, including qualification for exempt status, the nondistribution constraint, the inurement and private benefit concepts, limitations on campaign activities, permissible lobbying expenditures, the unrelated business income tax, the deduction for charitable contributions, intermediate sanctions, the differences between private foundations and public charities, special excise taxes, the exemption application process and reporting and disclosure requirements. At the option of the instructor, the course might also cover nonprofit accounting issues, local property tax and other local tax exemptions, and public/private partnerships. In addition, at the option of the instructor, the course may include document drafting assignments in addition to or in lieu of an exam. Class limit: 20 students.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Elective course for Environmental Law Certificate Program.  This course provides an introduction to the goals and challenges of coastal and ocean policy; the complicated web of public (international, federal, state, and local) and private interests in coastal lands and ocean waters; regulation of coastal development; domestic and international fisheries management; and preservation of ocean resources. The challenges presented by climate change to ocean and coastal environments will be featured in this course, as will recent ocean- and coastal-related disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, Superstorm Sandy and the BP oil spill.  We will examine in some detail the State of California's current ocean and coastal management initiatives, which in many ways exceed those of any other U.S. state, as well as those of the federal government.  The course will feature an interdisciplinary teaching approach, including guest speakers from marine science disciplines along with a field trip for enrolled students to the U.C. Davis Marine Laboratory in Bodega Bay. 

Discussion -- 3 hours. Prerequisites: 274, Intellectual Property or permission of instructor.  This course covers all essential aspects of patent law: prosecution, patentable subject matter, utility, disclosure and enablement, novelty, statutory bars, nonobviousness, infringement, remedies, reissue and reexamination, inequitable conduct, inventorship and assignment, and patent misuse.  Students will examine legal doctrine as well as the patent system's public policy objectives and theoretical foundations.  While the focus of this course is United States patent law, we will also address international issues as they arise.  This course is designed for both the non-patent specialist as well as the future patent attorney.  No scientific background is required.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Prerequisites: 274, Intellectual Property or permission of instructor. This course covers all essential aspects of patent prosecution: the role of the patent practitioner, claims and specification drafting, requirements, and strategy, filing mechanics, prosecution mechanics and strategy, appeals and post-grant proceedings, America Invents Act considerations, portfolio development and strategy, and litigation considerations. Students will examine the legal framework for prosecution, as well as get hands-on drafting experience. No technical background is required.

Seminar - 2 hours. What are the expectations and roles of the police in a democratic society? We need order maintenance and crime control, but to assume these tasks the police sometimes intrude upon interests considered fundamental to free societies.  This seminar examines this basic tension through the discussion of various topics such as undercover policing, the use of new technologies, and private policing, as well through an examination of police organization and culture.  Satisfactory completion of the seminar can be met with engaged class discussion and weekly response papers.  Class limit: 12 students.

Seminar - 3 hrs.   Selected Enrollment By Permission of Professor. This practice-­oriented course will provide students an opportunity to learn about Participatory Action Research (PAR) methods and community-based lawyering in the context of rural community development and advocacy. Students will also use these skills and knowledge to serve rural California communities.   

PAR is an approach to research by which scholars and community members collaborate to identify and understand the issue(s) the community is facing in order to jointly formulate strategies to address those issues. Community-­‐based lawyering seeks to jointly deploy community organizing and legal recourse tools, with the goal of more effective social change that responds to issues of priority to the community.  This course will equip students to use PAR to identify issues and needs that are significant to a given community. Students, working with public interest lawyers in the community, will then use the results of their PAR inquiry to facilitate more effective community-­‐based lawyering. 

Readings for the course will include the scholarly literature on PAR, community-based lawyering, cause lawyering, rural poverty, rural political economy, and rural access to justice. Students will attend weekly seminar sessions to discuss readings and, particularly after the first month of the semester, to work in small groups on a legal research and advocacy project for a specific rural community. The weekly seminars will also give students the opportunity to develop skills through training by the Participatory Action Research Resource Center, to discuss the ethical questions raised by PAR, and to explore broader issues such as policy advocacy, organizing, community education, and impact litigation.  The course will require at least one trip to conduct fieldwork in a specified rural community, in coordination with staff attorneys at California Rural Legal Assistance (CLRA) and/or Legal Service of Northern California (LSNC). Students will work in teams to engage in PAR in designated locations, with each team assigned to one location. Students will engage in this PAR fieldwork at mid-­‐semester, and they will prepare for this fieldwork by researching the political economy, culture and history of the community and the relevant social justice issues the community appears to be facing. Students will present to the class their findings from this research prior to conducting their fieldwork as a critical background for this next phase. The objectives of the fieldwork are to (1) learn from community members about their priorities and concerns, (2) discuss possible solutions—legal and otherwise— directly with the community, and (3) suggest university and other resources that might be useful in supporting community advocacy. The fieldwork may also inform future independent research projects. Students will present conclusions from their fieldwork during the final weeks of the semester. 

Students will have work-product deadlines during the semester in preparation for fieldwork, and they will present and reflect on their work at the conclusion of the term. Grades will be based on participation in class, research and fieldwork assignments, peer and self assessments within student teams, and a final reflection paper. The course is interdisciplinary, and cross enrollment by students in relevant UC Davis graduate programs, e.g., Community Development, will be encouraged. Students in this course will also meet periodically with students engaged in similar research at UC Berkeley School of Law to discuss ethical issues and challenges, as well as to share best practices.     Limited enrollment:  12 students.      

Discussion -- 2 hours. Discussion -- 2 hours. This course uses role-playing exercises, videotaped simulations, and related projects to introduce students to lawyering skills basic to the practice of law, including client interviewing, witness interviewing and discovery, including depositions. Class limit: 24 students.

This clinic provides practical experience in providing legal services to real clients who have various problems related to their incarceration in state prison. The services require analysis and application of constitutional law, state statutory law, agency regulations, and the rules of professional responsibility. Students work under the direct supervision of the clinical director and are assigned a portion of the director’s case load. Students are required to follow the law office procedures of the clinic and to employ skills such as interviewing, research, writing, negotiating, and, possibly, the preparation of legal documents to be filed in court. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Discussion -- 2 hours. This course reviews the American Bar Association’s Model Rules of Professional Conduct and the Code of Judicial Conduct, which are tested on the Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination. Also covered are the California Rules of Professional Conduct, which are tested on the California Bar Examination. In addition, this course reviews current issues affecting the legal profession, including lawyers’ ethical duties and responsibilities to clients, the courts, third parties, and the legal system.

Study the doctrines and concepts of property law with primary emphasis on real property. Course topics include the estates in land system, the landlord-tenant relationship, conveyancing and private and public land use control.

Seminar -- 2 hours. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with professor's approval. This seminar will explore the theory and practice of law pertaining to the enactment and administration of public benefits programs for poor and other disadvantaged persons in our society.  The course will examine the history and philosophy underpinning social/legal concepts of "welfare" and "entitlement," and will look at some specific examples of significant legislative programs in these areas (e.g., Social Security/Supplemental Security Income; Aid to Families with Dependent Children/Temporary Assistance to Needy Families; Food Stamps; Medicare/Medicaid; Unemployment Insurance; and the National Housing Act programs).  The focus will be not so much upon the specific content of such programs, but upon issues confronting attorneys who practice in these public interest/poverty law subjects.  The course, therefore, will incorporate various aspects of administrative, constitutional, and poverty law" practice. Evaluation is based on class participation and a written project.  Class limit 18 students.

Seminar  -- 2 hrs. Satisfies advanced writing requirement. Public health law, seen broadly, is the government's power and responsibility to ensure the conditions for the population's health. The use of this power results in a series of trade-offs between the collective good of public health and the individual's interests in liberty and property. More specifically, public health addresses issues raised by methods such as surveillance, partner notification, health education campaigns, immunization and testing, quarantine, and criminal prosecution. Case studies used in class will be topical, including the international effort to respond to SARS, recent efforts to prevent bioterrorism, and tobacco litigation. Class limit: 15 students.

Students in this program have the opportunity to work with a public interest practitioner in a nonprofit organization or governmental setting. Journals, time sheets and attendance at two group meetings are required. Students also must complete an evaluative final paper of approximately eight pages. The hours completed in this public interest setting may apply toward the practicum requirement for the Public Interest Law Program. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Seminar -- 2 hours. Evaluation is based on class participation and a written project that may satisfy the advanced legal writing requirement. This class will examine the issues and problems associated with providing civil legal services to persons and interests in American society that typically have been unable to afford or otherwise obtain representation from the private bar. Students will discuss selected readings on topics such as the definition, history and development of  public interest law; current trends in public interest advocacy; the role and/or obligation of the private bar (and law schools) in contributing to public interest law; special issues faced by public interest attorneys with respect to client relationships and legal ethics; and public interest law strategies. In the second part of the course, we will concentrate on some particular issues in contemporary public interest practice (civil rights, health care access, land use, etc.). Some of these sessions will be led by practicing public interest lawyers.

Discussion - 3 hours. Elective course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. Prerequisite: 285 Environmental Law or consent of the instructor.  "Public land" is a term of art referring to lands owned and managed by the federal government.  This course covers the legal aspects of federal land management, including the history of public land law, the scope of  federal  and state  authority  over the federal  lands, and the allocation of public land resources among competing uses, including extractive consumption, recreation, and preservation.

Discussion -- 2 hours. An examination of the problems involved in the acquisition, financing, and development of real estate, and of lender remedies and debtor protections in the event of debtor default. The course stresses the practical application of California legal doctrines.

Discussion -- 2 hours.   This course examines regulation of business in sectors, traditionally described as “common carrier” and “utility” industries, where because of market failures normal competitive mechanisms will not protect consumers from exercises of market power.  As a consequence, these industries have traditionally been subject to pervasive regulation of entry, pricing, and other terms of service.  The course examines the traditional rationales for such pervasive regulation, and the specific legal and economic principles governing such regulation.  It also examines closely the massive reforms that have occurred in this area in recent years, resulting in a very different regulatory landscape than that which prevailed in the post-New Deal era.

Discussion -- 3 hours. This course is a survey of the most important modern American civil remedies doctrines in both private and public law contexts. Topics addressed include money damages, equitable remedies including injunctive relief, equitable defenses, the contempt power, and restitution. Attention will also be given to special rules that apply when the defendant is a governmental entity or officer.

Seminar - 2 hours.  This seminar will provide a broad overview of renewable energy law and policy with a particular focus on the California policy and institutional context. The course will begin with an overview of climate and energy policy at the state and national levels, highlighting the divergence between policies that California is implementing and the current state of national energy policy. The role of renewable energy and its relationship to energy efficiency, fuel economy, cap and trade, and other related policies would be discussed within this broader context. The course will also explore constraints on California’s ability to shape its energy future due to dormant commerce clause, federal preemption, international trade law, and other issues related to California’s renewable portfolio standard and renewable fuel policies. The course will proceed to focus on renewable electricity, including an overview of technologies and a survey of some of the common mechanisms to promote renewable electricity development, the rationale for these policies, and criticisms and concerns that have been raised about them. Then we will turn to the implementation of California’s renewable portfolio standard, including an overview of state agencies responsible for implementing different aspects of this law and a review of legal requirements and areas of contention in RPS implementation, including eligibility, procurement, transmission permitting and interconnection, renewable energy permitting, enforcement.  The question of whether and how to plan for renewable energy given California’s existing market and institutional structure would also be addressed.  After covering these different aspects of the renewable portfolio standard, the course would review some of the fundamentals of project development from a developer’s perspective.  The course will conclude by addressing renewable transportation fuels, including a review of technologies, an overview of state and national policy in this area, and analysis of how state policy is shaped and constrained by considerations of federal and international law.

Seminar - 2 units. Satisfies Advanced Writing Requirement. Addresses a variety of laws and practices that affect reproductive health and procreative decision making.  The topics include laws and policies addressing abortion, sterilization, prenatal care and birthing practices, assisted reproductive and genetic technology use, sectarian hospital practices, workplace policies, public and private funding restrictions, and medical standards.  Class limit:  18 students.

Students may receive credit for individual projects, subject to the following five regulations: (1) the project extends over no more than two semesters; (2) each project is supervised by a faculty member; (3) an outline of the project is approved by the supervising faculty member; (4) normally, no faculty member is permitted to supervise more than five students working on individual programs during any semester; and (5) each student submits an individual paper or approved alternative to the supervising faculty member. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis (Law 499) unless a request for letter grading is made in advance (Law 499A).

Discussion -- 3 hours. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with professor's approval. Prerequisite: 219 Evidence. In addition to examining the evidence law governing the admission of scientific testimony, this course considers trial advocacy in presenting and attacking such testimony. The scope of the course is broadly conceived;  the coverage includes not only instrumental scientific techniques but also soft scientific expert techniques including mental health testimony and social science expertise. Each student is required to both make an oral class presentation and prepare a research paper dealing with a particular forensic technique. Class limit: 20 students.

Discussion -- 2 hours.  Secured transactions are transactions where a lender takes an interest in the debtor’s property as “collateral,” or security, for repayment of a loan.  This course will cover secured transactions in personal property, such as auto loans and bank loans against business inventory.  Time permitting, the course will give limited coverage to secured transactions in real property such as home mortgages.  Potential subtopics include foreclosure; repossession; replevin; judicial sales; default; acceleration; reinstatement and cure; modification of debt in bankruptcy; the attachment, perfection, and priority of security interests; filing systems; bankruptcy avoiding powers; cross-collateralization; marshaling; and statutory liens.

Discussion - Prerequisite: 215 Business Associations. Regulation of the distribution of securities under the Securities Act of 1933 and SEC Rules adopted thereunder, registration and reporting provisions of the 1934 Securities Exchange Act. Coverage includes detailed examination of the registration process, definitional problems, exemptions from registration, resale of restricted securities, civil liability, indemnification and contribution.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Prerequisite: 215 Business Associations or instructor consent. This course focuses on the Securities Act of 1933.  Topics covered include domestic and international public offerings, registration statements, exemptions from registration, secondary and offerings.  Particular attention is devoted to problems of small issuers of securities.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Prerequisite: 215 Business Associations or instructor consent. Recommended: 236A Securities Regulation I.  Principal focus is the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the regulation of securities markets. Topics covered include regulation of securities markets and securities professionals, responsibilities of securities lawyers, continuous reporting, transnational securities fraud, and enforcement of the securities acts.

Discussion -- 2 hours. The class will study the separation of powers in our federal government by focusing on certain historical events and their impact on constitutional law.  Topics will include the election of 1800, the Civil War, voting rights and the Vietnam War, presidential impeachments, and the war on terror.   

Discussion -- 3 hours. This course focuses on issues raised by legal and social distinctions between men and women and explores potential remedies for discrimination drawn from constitutional law, statutory enactments, and common law developments. Subject matter areas include sex-based discrimination in constitutional law, family law, reproductive rights, educational opportunity, criminal law, and employment.

Discussion -- 3 hours. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with Professor's approval. This course will examine the legal and social regulation of sexual orientation and gender identity.  The course will analyze various legal principles, including statutory, constitutional, and public policy doctrines, which might be used to limit the ability of government and other institutions to disadvantage people because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. We will look at how courts have used these doctrines to help - or to harm - lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals in critical aspects of their lives including employment, schools, family relationships, and parenting.

Discussion - 3 units. Elective course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. This course provides an introduction to the theory and practice of statutory interpretation.  It covers the principal schools of thought regarding textualism, purposivism, and pragmatism in statutory interpretation; the debates over the proper use of legislative history; the textual and substantive canons of interpretations (including norms of deference to non-judicial actors such as administrative agencies); and the force of stare decisis  in the interpretation of statutes.  The instructor plans to use many examples from the field of risk regulation (including environmental and health/safety risks), but the questions the course examines are relevant to most areas of contemporary legal practice.

Discussion - 3 hours. May satisfy Advanced Writing Requirement with professor's permission. Prerequisite: Law 220, Federal Taxation. This is an advanced tax course designed to introduce students to issues of tax policy, with particular emphasis on tax distribution (i.e., who or what should pay taxes in society) and tax incidence (i.e., who or what ends up paying taxes in society). The course will begin by examining official measurements of income and wealth distribution, as well as how those measurements comport with the philosophical foundations of various conceptions of justice in taxation, including libertarianism, utilitarianism, and liberal egalitarianism. We will then examine how alternative tax regimes advance or detract from the principal normative objectives of these various schools of thought. We will also examine several controversial issues of federal tax reform, including debates over the progressivity of the income tax, whether/how the government should tax estates/inheritance, whether/how the government should tax wealth, the tax treatment of low-income individuals, how the tax system affects different kinds of families (single-earner, dual-earner, married, single, opposite-sex, same-sex), and proposals for fundamental tax reform such as the adoption of a consumption tax (e.g., flat tax, VAT, retail sales tax). In each of these settings, students will examine how alternative conceptions of distributive justice translate into concrete proposals regarding how the cost of financing public goods should be allocated among members of society.

The class contains a writing requirement that students can satisfy in two ways: (i) prepare five short papers (4-6 pages) on issues covered in class; or (ii) prepare a long research paper (25-30 pages) on a topic that may or may not have been covered in class. Students choosing the second alternative can, if desired, qualify the paper for the law school's upper-level writing requirement.

Discussion -- 3 hours. Prerequisite: Course 220, Federal Income Taxation. Most businesses that are not publicly traded are organized under the partnership tax regime, or at least should be. This course examines the federal income taxation of business entities whose owners are taxed on the income, deductions and losses of the entity on a pass-through basis. This includes partnerships, limited liability companies and S Corporations. The course will explore choice of entity issues, identification of entities, eligible for pass-through tax treatment and the income tax impact of formation, operations and dissolution of pass-through business entities.

Seminar -- 2 hours.  This course examines the regulation of financial intermediaries. The stated goal of regulation is to ensure systemic stability and to pursue consumer protection. We will ask whether there was an imbalance between systemic stability and consumer protection before the crisis of 2008.  The course is devoted to federal regulation of banks, bank holding companies, and financial holding companies. Topics include restrictions on the activities of banks and their affiliates, the mortgage crisis, subprime lending, securitization, capital adequacy requirements, community reinvestment requirements, bank supervision, and identifying and resolving failed banks. Powerful changes in the market and legal rules governing banks during the past decade dismantled the traditional barriers between commercial banks and other financial institutions.  These changes led to the growth of a large, unregulated “shadow banking” system.  We will ask what role these structural changes played in creating the conditions for the economic and financial market collapse of 2007-2008.The global financial crisis that began in late 2007 provides a fertile laboratory for examining the fractured financial regulatory system, and the proposals for reform. We will work in a class climate of inquiry and experimentalism.  We will incorporate speakers, and take advantage of opportunities to discuss any pending legislation or regulation that emerges this semester at either the state or federal level. I will take advantage of opportunities restructure our reading to support our discussions of emerging legal or policy developments. The course will examine selected topics from the 2010 Dodd- Frank financial reform law. These topics include, among others, the role of unregulated subprime home mortgage lending in creating systemic risk, the controversies about the “Volcker Rule” to limit proprietary trading by financial institutions with deposit insurance; the consumer regulatory responsibilities of the Federal Reserve, credit rating agencies, and securitization. 

 We will discuss whether consumer protection in the financial sector and insuring the safety and soundness of banks are compatible regulatory goals.  Why was comprehensive financial reform adopted, before the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission issued its report about the causes of the crisis? We begin with a basic overview of the concepts applicable to financial intermediaries and end with an assessment of the framework for future reform. 

Discussion -- 2 hours. International law, once critiqued as powerless and ineffective, is now challenged as a threat to American democracy. How have theorists sought to justify international law? Should there be an American exception in international law? This course introduces students to competing theories of international law, including natural law, positivism, realism, liberalism, constructivism, fairness, legal process, and world public order. We will examine and critique works by leading international legal theorists. We will apply the theories to ongoing controversies in international law, including in human rights, international trade, and environmental law. The final will be a take-home essay exam.

Seminar - 3 hours. The contours of key intellectual property notions and criteria (personal expression, originality, substantial similarity, inventive step, novelty, utility, prior art, patentable subject matter, etc.) can be quite theoretical – even metaphysical – but they developed from local debates about the protection of specific objects: books, prints, inventions, and marks rather than from the unfolding of first principles.  The same can be said about theories of intellectual property:  They can be quite philosophical, but are in fact tied to the articulation and legitimation of specific legal practices.

 This course traces the development of intellectual property law in the US and Europe because it is not possible to understand the logic and shape of current IP concepts (and their problems) outside of their messy history.  It is not, however, a traditional legal history course.  It adopts a historical perspective to capture the processes through which key IP concepts have come into being, but then uses that understanding to make sense of some important problems facing IP today, and the alternative practices (norm-based IP, commons, etc) that are being developed to overcome them. 

The seminar is divided in three parts.  The first examines the most influential theories and justifications of intellectual property.   The second tests those theories against key case studies in the history of IP (mostly copyright and patent law), and the third looks at current and possible future trends in the articulation of IP (and of alternatives to IP).

Seminar -- 2 hours. Course focuses on four-six issues at the interface of law, medicine, bioethics, and health policy that are currently the subject of major litigation, legislation and/or contentious debate in the domains of bioethics and public policy.

Seminar - 2 units. This is an advanced criminal law and procedure class aimed at students planning to practice criminal law in California, either as an extern or summer clerk, or after graduation.  Students will study topics that they will use on a daily basis in practice, including California sentencing, constitutional and statutory speedy trial rules, charging and diversion practices, preliminary hearings, discovery, and ethical considerations. Close attention will be paid to plea bargaining and case settlement.   There will also be some discussion of important California crimes. There will be guest speakers from prosecutors' and public defenders' offices.  Grading will be based on class attendance and participation, exercises during the term, and a final essay.   

Familiarizes students with legal rules, concepts and approaches pertinent to the recovery for personal injuries, property damages and harm done to intangible interests. The course covers claims for assault, battery, false imprisonment and other intentional torts, as well as negligence and strict liability.

Discussion 3 hours. 274 Intellectual Property is not a prerequisite, but would be useful. We will take an intensive look at selected issues in Trademark Law, including the concepts of trademarks and unfair competition, acquisition and loss of trademark rights, infringement, trademarks as speech, and international aspects of trademark protection.

Discussion - 2 units.  This course will focus on the law of trade secrets, including the Uniform Trade Secret Act (UTSA), restrictive covenants and covenants not to compete, and current case law developments in the areas of employee mobility and raids, and corporate espionage. I also anticipate discussion of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and computer forensics.

Members of the Trial Practice Honors Board administer the Frances Carr Intraschool Trial Advocacy Competition. Members are nominated by their individual Trial Practice I adjuncts. Students receive one credit for service on the board. Credit is awarded upon approval of faculty advisor. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Evening laboratory -- 2 hours. Prerequisite: prior or concurrent enrollment in 219 Evidence. An introduction to the preparation and trial of cases, featuring lectures, videotapes, demonstrations, assigned readings, and forensic drills. The emphasis throughout the course is on the formulation and implementation of a trial strategy. The laboratory session is held on Tuesday, Wednesday, or Thursday evening. Attempts are made to assign each student to a laboratory on the evening most convenient for him or her. Grading is on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Class limit: 84 students.

Discussion -- 3 hours. A study of the law of decedent’s estates, wills, and trusts. Course coverage includes intestate succession; family protection and limits on the power of testation; execution, revocation, and revival of wills; will substitutes; intervivos; and testamentary private trusts. Topics may include contracts to make wills; class gifts; powers of appointment; the Rule Against Perpetuities; and an introduction to the administration of estates and trusts, including powers, duties, rights, and liabilities of fiduciaries, and the management of assets.

The Business Law Journal is run by dedicated law students who are committed to providing current and valuable legal and business analysis. The Journal addresses a broad spectrum of issues that fall within the intersection of business and the law

The UCDC Law Program is a uniquely collaborative semester-long externship program in Washington, D.C., combining a weekly seminar with a full-time field placement to offer law students an unparalleled opportunity to learn how federal statutes, regulations, and policies are made, changed, and understood in the nation's capital.  During a semester's total immersion in a structured environment that integrates the theory and practice of Washington lawyering, students will have contact with all three branches of the federal government, independent regulatory agencies, advocacy nonprofits, and the media. The Program currently includes law students from U.C. Berkeley and UCLA.  Students from UC Davis (King Hall) will join the program in Spring 2010, with students from UC Irvine joining in Spring 2011.

The program is housed at the University of California Washington Center, a UC facility centrally located just minutes from the White House and most government departments and agencies.

Students will receive 13 units for successful completion of the Program: 10 units (Credit/No Credit) for the full-time field placement and 3 units (graded) for the required companion seminar,  Law 475A "Law-Making and Law-Changing in the Nation's Capital."  The Program is open to 2L and 3L students.

Discussion -- 2 hours. Elective course for Environmental Law Certificate Program. Property rights in surface waters, including riparian rights, prior appropriation, and public rights; federal, state and local allocation and regulation; environmental constraints; groundwater rights and management; state and federal projects; interstate allocation; federal reserved rights; water supplies and land use planning; water transfers; contemporary challenges.

Seminar - 2 hours. Current scholarship posits an inherent conflict between women's rights and religion; the conflict is presented as particular stark in the context of Muslim women's rights. But on the ground, women's human rights activists in Muslim communities are piercing the veil of religious sovereignty. Betraying a growing disconnect between human rights law and human rights practice, a close study of women's human rights activists working in Muslim communities and countries demonstrates that, despite law's formal refusal to acknowledge claims of reason and equality, women are nonetheless claiming their rights to challenge religious and cultural authorities and to imagine religious community on more egalitarian and democratic terms. Call this the New Enlightenment: Today, individuals seek reason, equality, and liberty not just in the public sphere, but also in the private spheres of religion, culture, and family. Current law, however, elides these claims for modernizing traditional cultures. Failing to recognize cultural and religious communities as contested and subject to change, legal norms such as the "freedom of religion," the "right to culture," and the guarantee of "self-determination" defer to the claims of patriarchal, religious elites, buttressing their power over the claims of modernizers. Paradoxically, law's failure to question or revisit its old Enlightenment views is obstructing the emergence of the New Enlightenment. This seminar will study these movements in light of current scholarly and political debates about fundamentalism, democracy, equality, secularism, universalism, and multiculturalism. This is a limited enrollment seminar.

Seminar -- 2 hours.  The Writing Requirement Workshop is open to 2L and 3L students who have written a course paper or an independent study paper and would like to take it to the next level, producing a work of publishable quality. Students will present and edit their own work over the semester, and also present and edit other people’s work. The group format provides a supportive and rigorous environment with plenty of feedback. All students will also meet individually with the instructor for feedback several times over the semester. This workshop is recommended for students who are or plan to be law journal editors, students interested in an academic career, students who want the opportunity to hone their research and writing skills, and students wishing to complete their writing requirement in a supportive group environment  Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory grading.